近来山野版中洞穴探索的活动开始增多，洞穴探索是户外运动中危险性和专业性都比较强的分支，加强安全预防工作尤其重要，特简单翻译维基百科的部分内容，希望能有一些作用
原文http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caving
The risks are minimised by a number of techniques:
1
Checking that there is no danger of flooding during the expedition. Rainwater funneled underground can flood a cave very quickly, trapping people in cut-off passages and drowning them. After falling, this is the most likely fatal accident in caving.[citation needed]
确定探洞期间没有发生洪水的危险。雨水可以很快淹没洞穴，探洞者会被困住淹死。除了失足坠落，这是洞穴探索中最常见的危险
2
Using teams of several, preferably at least of four cavers. If an injury occurs, one caver stays with the injured person while the other two go out for help, providing assistance to each other on their way out.
队伍至少4人，如果有人受伤，1个人可以留下来照顾他，两个人可以出去求救并互相帮助
3
Notifying people outside the cave as to the intended return time. After an appropriate delay without a return, these will then organise a search party (usually made up by other cavers trained in cave rescues, as even professional emergency personnel are unlikely to have the skills to effect a rescue in difficult conditions).
将预计的返回时间告知外面的人，如果加上一段合理的延误时间还没有返回，他们可以组织搜救队（通常是受过训练的探洞者）
4
Use of helmet-mounted lights (hands-free) with extra batteries. American cavers recommend a minimum of three independent sources of light per person, but two lights is common practice amongst European cavers.[citation needed]
使用固定在头盔上的头灯，准备额外的电池。美国探洞者建议每人最少要有3组独立光源，欧洲探洞者通常携带两组
5
Sturdy clothing and footwear, as well as a helmet, are necessary to reduce the impact of abrasions, falls, and falling objects. Synthetic fibers and woolens, which dry quickly, shed water, and are warm when wet, are vastly preferred to cotton materials, which retain water and increase the risk of hypothermia. It is also helpful to have several layers of clothing, which can be shed (and stored in the pack) or added as needed. In watery cave passages, polypropylene thermal underwear or wetsuits may be required to avoid hypothermia.
结实的衣服和鞋子，头盔以防擦伤，坠落物和跌落的冲击，穿合成材料和羊毛等材料的的快干衣物，容易湿透的棉织品会增加失温的危险。携带多层衣物也有作用。多水的洞穴通道可能需要聚丙烯内衣或湿服（类似潜水衣那种水上运动的隔热服装） 以防失温
6
Cave passages look different from different directions. In long or complex caves, even experienced cavers can become lost. To reduce the risk of becoming lost, it is necessary to memorise the appearance of key navigational points in the cave as they are passed by the exploring party. Each member of a cave party shares responsibility for being able to remember the route out of the cave. In some caves it may be acceptable to mark a small number of key junctions with small stacks or "cairns" of rocks, or to leave a non-permanent mark such as high-visibility flagging tape tied to a projection.
洞穴通道从不同的方向看上去都有不同，在长而复杂的洞穴中，有经验的探洞者也会迷路。为了防止迷路的危险，必须记住经过的关键导航点，团队中每一个人都要记住出去的路，在某些洞穴中可以容许堆小石头堆作标志。或安置非永久性的标志物，比如容易发现的飘带
7
Vertical caving using ladders or SRT (Single Rope Technique) to avoid the need for climbing passages that are too difficult. SRT however is a complex skill and requires proper training before use underground and needs well-maintained equipment. Some drops that are abseiled down may be as deep as several hundred meters (for example Harwood Hole).
垂直洞穴探索使用梯子或SRT(单绳技术)来避免攀爬太困难的通道。SRT是复杂的技术，需要事先训练和维护良好的装备。 某些下降可能深达数百米。