晚上很烦躁，就翻译一篇DIR文章希望有用“What is DIR really about?”

What is Doing It Right really about?
DIR到底是什么意思呢？
The stuff below was written in 2002 but was never translated to English until recently. I have written other stuff that is more in-depth but this is a good introduction to the DIR system.
如下内容写于2002年（2006年8月更新），但是从来没有被翻译成英文，直到现在。我也写过其他一些更加深入的文章，但是下文是对DIR体系很好的介绍。
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The DIR system is basically about attitude and values, not about equipment as many people think.
与很多人想得不一样，DIR是关于态度与价值的体系，而并非潜水装备。
Diving is fun and should be done safely. "Safely" means that you don't take unnecessary risks - which brings us to one of the "rules" in the DIR system:
潜水是有乐趣的事情，但是需要保证其安全。“安全”意味着你不需要承担任何不必要的风险，同时也带给我们DIR体系中其中一条原则。
Option number one: "Don't Dive"
第一个选择：“不要潜水”
You always have the option to cancel the dive. Nobody can force you to dive, nobody but yourself. Maybe you paid good money for a boat dive but you are not feeling well or the boat crew doesn't seem to be competent. What do you do? You cancel the dive. It is tough but it's the right thing to do. As a DIR diver you have accomplished something because you did the right thing - even if it sucks and even if you lost money.
在每次下水潜你都可以选择取消这次潜水。没有人会逼你潜水，没有人除了你自己。可能你为一次船潜而付了很多钱，但是你在下水前感觉不舒服或者你发现船上工作人员（包括船员、潜导等）看起来不足以胜任。你该怎么做呢？那最好就取消这次潜水。虽然做出这样的决定很困难，但是这就是正确的选择。作为一个DIR潜水员，你必须完成一些事情，甚至这些事情很糟糕，或者损失一些钱。但是你作出了正确的决定。（关于这点很多教材PADI, TDI上面都会反复提到，相信自己的感觉，有教练也和我说过要相信自己的潜意识，他有一次感觉不好但是还是下水了，最后bent了。）
Another important part of the DIR system is team diving. You belong to a team. It can be you and your buddy or maybe there is three of you. Anyway, you and your team is one and should work as one. If the team has a problem, you have a problem. The safety of the team should never be compromised and that's why you should be very aware about your buddies and their potential problems. Even more aware than you are about yourself.
DIR体系中另外一个重要部分是团队潜水。你属于一个团队，它由你、你的buddy或者还有其他人。总之，你和你的团队必须协同工作达成目标。如果团队出现了问题，那你也无法独善其身。对于团队的安全我们不能有任何妥协，这也是为什么在整个潜水过程中（包括下水前）我们都要关注潜伴们的情况，即他们可能会出现的问题。这可能比你对你自己的关注更加重要。
For example, if your buddy becomes out of air or low on air, you both have a problem. If you are in cave there is a risk that you may not get out of there alive. If this happens, it's everybody's fault. You where not paying attention to each others gas consumption - you didn't take care of your team.
举例来说，假如你的Buddy气体耗尽或者气量不足，那也会给你带来问题。如在洞潜过程中出现这种问题，可能会导致你也无法安全的从洞里面出来。如果出现这种问题，那也是所有人的错，因为在潜水过程中你没有关注每个人的气体消耗情况，你也没有关注你的团队情况。
Let's say your are diving in a team of three and one of you have a little problem going down, maybe with equalizing. The rest of you don't continue down and wait on the bottom or something stupid like that. You stay with him so that if he has a problem you are there and you can take care of it. So if he want to abort the dive and go to the surface, the whole team goes with him. Because you never know - maybe he has some kind of medical problem, looses consciousness on the way up and drowns.
假如你的一个3人潜水团队中，其中有一人下潜有问题，比如耳压平衡问题，其余人停止下潜在水下等待。你最好可以和他待在一起，这样的话即使他出现问题，你也在他边上帮助他。因为你永远不会知道，他可能有些医学问题导致在上升过程中出现昏迷或者溺水问题。
That is way you always dive as a tight team, always ready to help each other. Always close and always one hundred percent aware of your buddies. And close - that's about 10 feet - no matter how good the visibility is.
这就是团队潜水的方式，随时准备好帮助他人。总是与Buddy保持3m左右的距离不管能见度怎么样，并关注Buddy的状态。
To be able to help someone else you must be in control of your equipment and yourself . Because if you are occupied with your own problems, what good can you do?
为了其他人，你必须控制你自己和你的装备，假如你自己也出现了问题，你还能帮助被人麽？
This leads us to another "rule":
这也给了我们另外一个原则：
Rule Number One: "Don't Dive With Strokes"
原则1：不要和“二货”一起潜水
A "stroke" means an unsafe diver. It can be someone who doesn't care about the team, for example an inattentive buddy. It can also be someone who obviously hasn't put much thought into his equipment and thereby showing that he doesn't care about safety. Another example would be an unfit, overweight diver who is incapable of handling an emergency situation. There are many examples and it doesn't even have to be a person, it can also be a dive boat or the crew on the boat.
“二货”就是指不安全的潜水员。他可能是某些不关注团队的潜水员，比如说团队意识不高的潜水员。他也可能是那些对自身装备不关心，安全意识不够的潜水员。举一个可能不太恰当的例子，一个配重过多的潜水员，并且没有能力处理紧急情况。有人多例子可以说明，它也可能不是潜水员，可能是潜水船或者船员。
A couple of years ago I made a recreational dive trip to the Swedish west coast with a good friend of mine. It was Friday and we where going to do a nice dive in the fjord. There were two divers on the boat who where inexperienced and not used to the cold, dark water. Apparently they had some problems during the dive which resulted in panic, an uncontrolled ascent and arterial gas embolism. The boat took of transporting the divers to a helicopter that flew them to the nearest chamber. Me and my buddy were doing a longer dive and didn't know what had happened except that when we surfaced the boat was gone. We had to wait thirty minutes in the freezing water to be picked up. What had happened if we had a problem? Who would rescue us?
几年前我和我的好朋友参加了一次去瑞典西海岸的休闲潜水行程。那天是星期5，和我们一起登船有2个其他的潜水员，看起来对冷水和光线差的水域经验不足。他们在潜水过程中出现了问题导致恐慌，紧急上升后潜水员出现AGE(动脉血管气体栓塞-可能是肺部破裂导致)。潜船带他们去岸边并由直升机送他们去加压仓。这导致我和我的Buddy在结束潜水后发现船走了，我们不得不在寒冷的水中泡了30min。假如这个时候我们出现了问题，那谁来救我们呢？
The bottom line is, that the problem the two divers had, finally became our problem too.
因为那两个潜水员的问题，最后也给我们带来了很大的麻烦。
As a DIR diver you don't take unnecessary risks. That's way we prefer to dive with other DIR divers or divers that share the same values but hasn't gotten as far with training or equipment. And that goes for everybody, both the divers on the boat and the crew.
作为DIR潜水员，你无需承担不必要要的风险。所以我们喜欢和其他DIR或者有共同价值观的潜水员一起潜水。同时也包括其他人，潜水员和船上工作人员。
A common misunderstanding about Doing It Right is that it's only for technical divers and doesn't apply to recreational diving. That is actually as far away from the truth as you can possibly get. All diving is based on the same principals and a lot of this is nothing more than common sense. Safety and fun is common to every diver and it doesn't matter if it's an "advanced" dive or not. To be able to take care of your buddy, be aware of your surroundings and not expose yourself to unnecessary risks is something that benefits everybody.
有一个常见的关于DIR的误解，DIR只是针对于技术潜水员，对于休闲潜水员不适用。这种理解是不正确的，所有潜水活动（不含救援等特殊场合）都是基于相同的原则，而且很多原则都是最最基本的常识。Fun和安全对所有潜水员都是一样的，和是不是“高级”潜水没关系。能够照顾你的Buddy，并对周边的一切保持警觉，避免你自己处于不必的风险中对大家都有益。
The equipment that is used by DIR divers is standardized and basically the same for recreational and "technical" divers. The advantages are many, one of them being that if your buddy has an equipment problem you can easily help him, because his equipment works exactly the same as yours do. You know where his backup regulator is, where the knife is, where all the hoses go, which valve that needs to be closed etc. etc. You know this instinctively and you don't have to think about it, which may save your buddies life in an emergency.
DIR潜水员用的装备需要标准话并适用于休闲和技术潜水。这样有很多好处，包括如果你的Buddy装备出现问题，你可以很快去帮助他，因为他的装备和你一样样。你知道备用二级在哪里，刀在哪里，管线走向，阀门是否需要关闭等。在紧急情况下，帮忙他的时候你都不需要考虑使用不熟悉的装备，可以下意识地操作它们。
Some people believe that there has to be a special brand or manufacturer of the equipment for it to be considered DIR. That is not the case. However, the equipment has to fulfil certain demands and that narrows down the possible alternatives. One example is fins.
有些人认为只有特定厂家和品牌的装备才是DIR，这个也不完全正确。只要装备符合某些要求就可以缩小可选择的范围。以Fin为例。
They should be heavy to keep the feet down for the dry suit diver (we never use ankle weights)
Fin不能太轻，能够在穿干衣的情况下压低双脚（我们重来不用脚踝配重）
They must be stiff so that you can swim in a current or with much equipment.
Fin不能太软，可以顶流或者带了很多潜水道具的情况下游动。
They must be robust and can't have any parts that can easily break.
必须是可靠的，不会轻易断裂。
The strap can't have any quick-release buckles that can come undone.
Fin的固定带不能是快卸的，否则容易导致松脱。
No parts of the fin can stick out so that line or things like that can get stuck.
Fin上面不能有明显突出的东西，导致被线等缠绕。
They can't be too long because that would make them impossible to use in closed spaces, without touching anything.
不能太长，否则可能在封闭空间使用，或者在使用过程中踢到东西。
They must work for all type of kicks (flutter, frog kick, baby flutter etc)
各种踢法都能用（自由踢，蛙踢，小蛙踢，改进自由踢）
The end result is that only Scubapro's Jetfin and some of it's copies fulfil these demands.
综上所述，出来的结果就只有Jetfin和少数和Jetfin类似的fin。（如Apeks, Hollis, OMS等）
Another extremely important thing is that your equipment and the way things are done doesn't change and you don't do anything differently no matter how far you go or how advanced your diving becomes. That means that everything you buy now, you can use in the future too. Take the fins we discussed earlier, they are the perfect fin for the beginning diver and also the same fin WKPP uses in Florida for their world-record cave dives!
另外一个及其重要的事情就是你的装备不需要在随着你水平的提升频繁更换。这就意味着你现在买的，今后也能用。（再次拿Fin说事，Jetfin适合于初学者到探索项目。Jetfin需要时间适应，特别是非干衣情况下会感觉很累）
DIR equipment is also designed to be as simple as possible and have as few things as possible that can break. What always amuses me is that the best dive equipment is seldom the most expensive. Take the "technical" BCD for example. It's often more expensive than the backplate and wing that DIR divers use, yet it's not sufficient for advanced diving. That means you have to sell it and start learning new equipment - again. To learn how to operate your equipment means that you know where everything is, down to the smallest knot or bolt-snap. It also means you can operate everything without looking and almost without thinking. It's not difficult to realize what this will make the dive experience more relaxed, more fun and of course a lot safer.
DIR装备的设计原则就是尽可能简单，但是有几样东西不可能破。贵的不一定是好的。以BCD为例（作者应该是以夹克BC说事），此类BC比DIR中用的背板+背飞囊要贵，但是此类BC在技术潜水中适用。那就是意味着你要先出掉，重新入新的。（但是我觉得潜水在于折腾，在折腾中不断对不同装备有深入的了解，选择合适与不合适）。同时学习操作你的潜水道具，包括所以东西，小到如何打结和适用单头钩。而且你可以盲操你的装备，形成肌肉记忆。要做到其实也不是很难，多练练就好了，这样就可以在潜水过程中更加放松，更开心更安全。
This brings us to the most important piece of your diving - you! To become a safe and proficient diver you need to practice. You need to practice things like air sharing, improving your trim and buoyancy and the ability to solve problems under water. You can work on equipment handling like reels, lift bags, decompression bottles and scooters. You can also improve your propulsion techniques, swimming without a mask, deploying your backup lights, closing down valves etc. If you dive on a regular basis that also means that you will keep your skills alive.
同时人的因素也很重要，要成为安全和好的潜水员就要多练。需要多联系如气体共享，在潜水过程中提升Trim和中性浮力，与在水中处理问题的能力。你要熟练操作某些道具如：线轮，浮力袋（SMB），减压气瓶或者水下摩托车（DPV）等。同时如下技能也要反复练习：踢水技术（蛙踢，倒踢，直升机踢），无面罩游泳，开关阀门等。而且这些技能要经常练习保证随用随来。
It's also important to be in good shape physically. Dive equipment can be pretty heavy so a strong body means less exertion. If you are in good shape it also means less risk for decompression sickness. You can also handle stress better and you have a better chance of survival in an physically demanding emergency situation.
同时有好的体型也很重要。潜水道具会很重，所以有强壮的身体。而且好的体型（指不肥胖）也可以降低DCS的风险。同时你也可以更好的处理压力，在需要体能的紧急情况下有更好的生存性。
If you want to know more about Doing It Right, philosophy and equipment, there is a lot of information on the internet. Most of it however, requires some research to find. You can also take a class. GUE (Global Underwater Explorers) is the good choice since most instructors knowledgeble about DIR teach for them.
（下文主要介绍GUE）
假如你想了解更多关于DIR，DIR精神和装备，Internet上有很多信息。大家可以好好找找。或者参加部分组织的培训如GUE，这也是了解DIR最为快速的方式。
GUE also has a book that has covers some basic information. It's called "Doing It Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving" and is written by the cave explorer and GUE founder Jarrod Jablonski.
GUE还有一本和DIR相关的书，“Doing It Right: The Fundamentals of Better Diving”，这本书是GUE创始人JJ写的。
Good luck and dive safe!
如下是本文作者
Peter Steinhoff
Sweden