如何选择自己的充气游艇（译）

原文的地址：
http://www.seabreeze.com.au/News/Sailing/Selecting-the-Right-Dinghy-for-you-the-Three-Steps_2170483.aspx

How do you select the boat that best meets your requirements with so many available choices? After all, some of your best memories just might come from the dinghy. There are three main steps:

1. Choose the floor construction that best balances portability and performance

2. Select the right fabric for the locations where you'll use the boat

3. Buy the biggest boat that fits within your budget and space requirements
Floor Construction and Boat Category

1. The Right Floor:
An inflatable's floor construction is the key to the trade off between portability-ease of assembly and compact storage-and the rigidity needed for best performance. A rigid deep-V hull made from composite plastic, fibreglass or aluminum-a Rigid Inflatable Boat-is an efficient high-performance planing hull, but RIBs often must be stored on a trailer or set of hanging davits. Boats with more flexible fabric floors fold to a light, compact shape, but their flexibility extracts a performance penalty. If you want your boat to plane, allowing you to exceed 5 mph, a semi-rigid floor is required.

Soft-Stern Dinghies:
These economical boats, like the Mini Dinghy and the Micro Dinghy, are very easy to set up and can be stowed in very little space. They are best suited for beach fun and short-range exploring in protected waters, fresh water fishing or camping. Their floors are inflatable, and don't need to be removed for storage. Powered by oars or a small electric trolling motor, these 'donut boats' are the most basic inflatables at the lowest cost.

RollUp (RU) Boats:
Like dinghies, these boats have floors you don't have to remove when stowing the boat. Rollups like our RU-260, a 'classic' that is back by popular demand, can be unrolled, inflated and launched in minutes. Floors use wooden slats enclosed in fabric pockets, and you don't need to remove them for storage. Rollup boats have a transom, so you can use a small outboard motor. Rollups excel as tenders. Their flat bottoms and small engines (up to 4HP) make their performance non-planing, limiting their range to in-harbor, relatively flat-water travel.

Sportboats:
Sportboats are inflatables with a removable rigid floor system made from plywood, composite plastic or aluminum. The floor assembly is made stiffer with the addition of stringers, which run fore and aft to hold the floorboards in alignment, and aluminum extrusions to hold the edges in position. With the floorboards assembled and the port and starboard hull chambers and small tapered keel tube inflated, the boat's floor fabric is stretched taut and takes on a shallow V-shape. This enables the boat to ride through chop and track in turns better than a flat-bottomed boat. The floor also makes sportboats heavier than dinghies, but these boats are fast and lively with outboards from 6-25hp and offer a great performance for the price.

High Pressure (HP) Inflatable Floor Boats:
Take a sportboat, such as the Wood Floor 275 or 310 and trade the wood floor for a high-pressure inflatable floor, and you have an HP Inflatable Floor boat (sometimes called an Airfloor boat), combining the performance of a sportboat with the light weight and compact stowage of a soft stern dinghy. Its special high-pressure inflatable floor (pumped up to 11psi) is substantially lighter and when deflated, can be rolled up right inside the boat. We have been astounded at how quickly inflatable floor boats jump on plane, and the fine performance they achieve using only a small outboard, thanks to their low weight. For example, our 60lb. HP 310 will plane with one person using only a 5hp outboard. The boats flex just enough to absorb wakes and waves that would threaten to throw you out of a hard-bottomed boat. While slightly more expensive than conventional sportboats, HP floor boats are a brilliant combination of benefits, not a compromise. And the setup time is very short!

High Pressure Inflatable V-Hull (HP-V) Inflatables:
Exclusive HP-V floor technology is the next evolution in floor construction for 2008, creating boats that perform more like a RIB, with one'piece (non-removable floor) configuration-the simplest high-pressure rollups ever developed. A further evolution of the HP Inflatable concept, HP-V floors dispense with sausage-shaped inflatable keels. Inflated to 11psi with two Halkey Roberts valves located in the bow, the V-shaped integral floor is rigid, with enough shock-absorbing flex for great performance and a smooth ride, just like the flat-floored HP inflatables above. Cargo is located further down than in a flat-floored boat, and the low center of gravity provides stability comparable to a RIB hull design.

Rigid Inflatable Boats (RIBs) or Rigid Hull Inflatables:
RIBs offer the 'real boat' performance and strength of a rigid moderate or deep-vee hull. Their fibreglass hulls carve turns and cut through chop like conventional boats and shrug off abrasion from cruising gear, sand and gravel, dive tanks, etc. But unlike conventional boats, the addition of inflatable tubes to the topsides makes them more stable, more buoyant and less likely to scar the topsides of other vessels when used as a tender.
Their lack of portability is the price you pay for a RIB's performance. The hulls cannot be disassembled, and therefore you can't stow your RIB in a bag in the lazarette. You can deflate the tubes and stow the boat on deck in far less room than the inflated boat, but it still takes up space. Therefore, we generally recommend RIB's for owners who either intend to stow their dinghies inflated on deck, on davits, or deflated and lashed on a weather deck. Their light weight also makes them a cinch to trailer on a light-duty boat trailer.

Compact or Folding RIBs:
Compact RIBs have a hinged folding transom, which allows the boat to be stored in much less space, and are super portable-we're talking roof rack to water in just 10 minutes! The hull is made from either fiberglass or RIMTEC injection-molded polyester, and has a shallow V-shape. The transom is a plywood sandwich that is firmly bonded to the inflation tubes. A flexible fabric hinge connects the floor to the transom, allowing the transom to fold flat when stored. A large zippered bag is included for storage, and the stowed boat looks like a giant surfboard in a travel bag. While still large, the Compact RIB will fit on a foredeck or under a boom much more compactly than a normal RIB. It also fits nicely on vehicle roof racks or in the back of a station wagon.

Catamaran Tunnel Hull Sportboats:
Twin-sponson sportboats provide the ultimate in inflatable performance. Advanced Cats and their close relatives, the Sport Cats from Advanced Marine Inflatables, are descendants of high-speed surf rescue boats first used off the coasts of South Africa in the early 1980's. These rescue craft could hit speeds up to 65 mph, and handle extremely rough seas and breaking waves. Sport Cats are raced as two-person one-design ZapCats in the UK and Europe, as ThunderCats in South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, and in the U.S. on the A.P.B.A Inflatable Tunnel Hull Race Circuit. Imagine an aquatic NASCAR, or Google the above references and prepare to be impressed. The Advanced Cat models are a drier, more traditional version of these amazing boats.

Take a flat-bottomed sportboat, and add two wedge-shaped sponsons constructed with high-pressure tubes and custom'molded high-density rubber. The resulting tunnel hull creates lift for efficient planing and also provides a cushion of air for a smoother, high-speed ride. The wedge shape provides a good 'bite' on the inside of a sharp turn while the outside sponson slides over the water, preventing tipping or flipping. As a result, the boat can perform extremely tight turns, even at high speed (a Sport Cat can reportedly pull 2 Gs of cornering force!). Oversize main tubes and increased beam allow for greater load bearing and stability.

Added benefits of the tunnel hull design include higher efficiency at speed (smaller engines, less fuel), precise maneuvering in reverse (very unusual for most inflatable boats), and the ability to row effectively. Advanced Cats also tow very cleanly behind power or sail vessels.

2. The Right Fabric: Hypalon or PVC?
The location where you intend to use your boat is the primary factor in deciding which hull fabric to choose. The choices are PVC coated polyurethane cloth, or Hypalon (neoprene-coated nylon). Both fabrics are rugged, durable and dependable under virtually all conditions. But if you will do most of your boating in tropical conditions, a Hypalon boat will last longer because of its better resistance to UV degradation.

Construction of PVC and Hypalon boats is often different, too, but both are utterly reliable in use. Some manufacturers use a thermobonding technique to literally 'weld' the PVC fabric panels together, producing airtight seams stronger than the fabric itself. Also, since the PVC coating is more airtight than Hypalon, inflation pressure doesn't need to be topped off as with Hypalon boats.

Hypalon inflatables (and some PVC boats) are glued together using high-strength, two-part adhesives. This is a more labor-intensive process than the automated 'welding' of PVC and is a common weak point of 'bargain-priced' boats, so it must be done properly.

Which Boat is Best for you?
Some considerations, apart from 'Bigger is Better':

Consider the warranty of the dinghy. Any good manufacturer or retailer will have long warranties on their boats.

Accessories, valves and hardware: One area frequently overlooked by first-time inflatable boat buyers is the quality of fittings and accessories. Usually the difference is obvious on bargain boats, but inexperienced buyers don't realize how big an impact inferior fittings have until they actually use the boat. A good manufacturer will fit accessories like stainless towing eyes, strong aluminum oars, reliable inflation valves and heavy-duty pumps to help you inflate your boat quickly with minimal effort.

But do buy a reasonably sized boat!
Bigger inflatables handle dramatically better than smaller ones. The differences between an 8'6' sportboat and a 10' sportboat in handling, carrying capacity and ride, due to the small surface area of the small boat hulls, are greater than you can imagine until you actually try them side-by-side. A sportboat less than 9' long is capable of planing, but tends to be squirrely on the water, and will fall off a plane easily. 10' boats (and especially 11' boats) have less bow rise when they accelerate and will stay on plane at lower speeds. They are less sensitive to steering inputs so you can relax more while driving them and their larger tubes with slightly greater freeboard will give you a drier ride. Longer boats also have more usable interior volume. Inflatables have pretty dinky interior spaces due to their chunky tubes and forward-mounted transoms. A 9'3' boat may only have 7 feet of interior length, and some of that is in the V-section of the bow. By adding a foot to the length, you gain the same amount in the interior, for a 14% increase in floor space.

People buy smaller boats so they can leave them inflated and stored on deck or a swim step, or for ease of carrying to a car or cabin. They may generally have only two people to transport in their dinghy. If you are short of storage space or transport just you and your spouse, then an 8' boat may be just the ticket. You'll probably never regret having decided on the largest boat for your purpose, but you may regret it if you find the boat too small for your use. If weight is a prime consideration, consider a High Pressure (HP) or High Pressure Inflatable V-Hull (HP-V) boat. These are marvelous because they are lightweight and plane easily with engines from 4hp to 25hp. Their extended range at higher speeds, excellent handling and compact stowed dimensions make them an absolute pleasure to own and operate.

Finding the perfect inflatable isn't so tough. Simply pick the combination of portability and performance that your boating style requires and choose the fabric best suited to your boating environment. A well-built inflatable will often last a decade or more. When all is said and done, it may be the boat you remember most fondly for its amazing versatility and reliability under all conditions.

For a great selection of dinghies all with long warranties, go the the West Marine site

by West Marine/Sail-World Cruising

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