防冻清单—--海洋静水皮划艇安全系列之一第一杀手-失温

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-06 18:45

90%以上的海洋事故是这么发生的： 掉入水中，又不能上岸或上船， 会活一段时间，但根据水温和衣着，速度有快有慢耗尽人的能量，短的一两种头，长的几天，生命就消失了。

能在水里保存能量的时间， 是防止海上事故第一重要因素。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-06 18:51

http://www.coldwatersafety.org/Rule1.html#rule1Case1

案例1：

Sheldon Olsen and Jace Olsen
March 17th, 2012 – Lake Limerick, Washington
The warm sun came out on Saturday, but the water was still bitterly cold on Lake Limerick, WA. It was Julie Olsen’s birthday, and her husband Sheldon, 31, wanted to give her a break and let her get some rest, so he took their two year old son Jace for a canoe ride around 5pm. Sheldon had recently finished Optometry school in Portland, OR, and the family had just moved to the area and was living in a home on the lake shore.
Father and son were due back around 6:30pm, less than an hour before sunset, and when they didn’t return by 6:48pm, Julie called the Mason County Sheriff’s office and reported them missing. Sheriff’s deputies and search teams with divers and three boats responded and arrived at the lake after dark. Witnesses at the lake clubhouse reported that they had seen Sheldon and Jace in a canoe as late as 6:13pm, but later spotted the canoe floating empty and apparently called 911.
Although Limerick Lake is a small body of water that covers 129 acres, the search for Sheldon and Jace was greatly complicated by darkness. The canoe, with two life jackets inside, was quickly located, but it wasn’t until 9:20pm that little Jace was found floating face-down in the water. He was not wearing a life jacket.
The search for Sheldon continued without success until 11pm. It was resumed the next morning with 14 divers and boats using sonar gear. The lake has an average depth of only 9 feet, but the water is murky with very poor visibility, and it wasn’t until a week later, as the family was holding a memorial service for Jace, that Sheldon’s body was found.

A rare sunny day lured an unprepared father and son out onto lethally cold water, where all it took to kill them was a little mistake in balance. The air temperature has no bearing on cold water safety.

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-06 19:00

谢尔登·奥尔森和杰斯·奥尔森
2012年3月17日 - 利默里克湖，华盛顿
温暖的太阳出来了上周六，但利默里克湖水仍然寒冷刺骨，华盛顿州。这是朱莉·奥尔森的生日，而她的丈夫谢尔顿，31岁，想给她休息，让她休息一下，所以我把他们两岁的儿子贾斯 下午5点左右，带上搭乘独木舟。谢尔顿最近完成了眼视光学在波特兰的学业，从俄勒冈和家人刚搬到该地区，并住在一个家在湖岸边。

父亲和儿子是应该下午6:30左右回家，前后不到一个小时将日落，当他们没有由下午6点48分返回，朱莉叫梅森县警长办公室和报失他们。警长和搜索队与三只船和潜水员回应，到达湖边天黑后。目击者在湖会所报告说，他们途径看到了谢尔顿和杰斯在独木舟上，迟至下午6点13分，但后来发现空的独木舟漂浮，显然拨打了911 。

虽然利默里克湖是一个小的水体也涵盖129英亩，是复杂的黑暗中寻找谢尔顿非易事。独木舟，里面两件救生衣，很快被找出，但它不是直到下午9:20，那个小杰斯被发现漂浮在水面面朝下，没有穿救生衣。

寻找谢尔顿继续进行，没有成功。有14个潜水者和渔船使用声纳，直到晚上11点。 第二天早上恢复。湖中有只有9英尺的平均深度，但水混浊，能见度很差，但直到一个星期后，当家庭是参加杰斯的追悼会，这时Sheldon的尸体才被发现。

案例说明：
难得的晴天引诱毫无准备的父亲和儿子出到致死冷水，一点点失误平衡导致大悲剧。空气温度对冷水的安全没有正面影响。而且没有穿救生衣。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-06 19:24

案例2
http://www.coldwatersafety.org/Rule1.html#rule1Case2

迈克尔·弗朗西斯和兰迪·弗朗西斯
2012年7月6日 - 马塔努斯卡湖，阿拉斯加
这是一个相当星期五早上在阿拉斯加，但水由马塔努斯卡冰川源头喂养的湖， 非常严寒。 上午9:00在70岁的迈克尔·弗朗西斯和他的兄弟，55岁的兰迪·弗朗西斯，从终身冒险店租了一个16英尺的独木舟，承包商承包了在国家游憩区营地和独木舟租赁。

不到一个小时，一个家庭在湖上，看到了迈克尔独木舟附近发现的翻船，在水中有浮尸，他的手臂绕过救生衣。还有他的弟弟兰迪无生命迹象。俩男子身没穿救生衣当独木舟倾覆时，片刻后而一件属于兰迪救生衣被冲上岸。

该垫苏自治区潜水队和MAT- SAR犬队继续搜索兰迪的尸体，直到它被发现的第二天下午，在35英尺的深度。

案例说明：
这种情况下，提出对承办商租船的疑问：对没有准备沉浸在非常冷的水顾客， 容许用独木舟的行为是否明智。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-07 20:36

http://www.coldwatersafety.org/Rule1.html#rule1Case3

案例3

艾米·瓦格纳
2012年3月11日 - 湖圣克莱尔，安大略省，加拿大
这是一个美好的一天在湖边，安大略和空气温度是一个异常温暖60F （ 15C ） 。然而，水温在湖圣克莱尔仍然是一个残酷的35F （ 2C ）当艾米瓦格纳， 18 ，和她二十岁的男友决定去一个浪漫的下午独木舟划船。他们甚至还带着吉他与她计划合作音乐节目。艾米，一个高三学生，身着轻弹簧外套，蓝色牛仔裤和跑鞋。她的男友穿着一件长袖T恤。他们都没有穿PFD 。

他们距离岸边400米，坐在并排， 独木舟在6英尺的水（2米深）突然倾覆。他们尝试，但无法板正独木舟，并开始大喊救命。他们知道附近也仅有3英尺（ 1米）深沙洲，往此方向游泳。他们开始了数米。她的男友和鼓励领导艾米保持游泳的样子，但是当男友已经达到了沙洲，转过身，发现她走了。她的尸体第二天早上被从附近的格雷文赫斯特的水下搜索和回收队追回， 发现在6英尺深的水中（ 1米） 。

人如何严重衰弱， 哪怕在35F部分身体浸入（ 2C）的水中，这事故可以是一个见证，事实，艾米的男友爬到沙丘后，臀部深里一路沿着沙洲行走，也失去了双腿的控制和知觉，几乎崩溃。接近终点，据说也失去了他的视觉，不得不按照岸上的人指示和喊叫，来告诉他哪个方向走。

案例说明：
由于冬天变春天，天气异常温暖的空气诱使许多人走出去， 划小船， 但是水温仍然是致命的寒冷。很多人可以游泳， 但被淹死在离岸边就6到10英尺处，原因冷休克和游泳能力散失。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-08 19:16

案例4

吉姆·佩恩在冰冷的水中绝望地游泳
2012年2月10日 - 湖庞多雷，爱达荷
在准备智利比奥比奥河之旅，吉姆·佩恩购买了一台新的折叠式皮艇。当它到达时，他决定把它在一个熟悉的平静的湖靠近岸边做一个简短的10分钟的测试：湖庞多雷当地码头下水。
即使是隆冬在爱达荷州，佩恩是不会特别在意在水面上失温保护。 15年的划艇，他从来没有经历过意外翻船。此外，他的理由是，他没有“远走划船”，这将是没有什么危险的一个小测试。在他写的海上皮艇杂志（2010年12月）安全的文章中，佩恩说：“我在一个避风码头的水的翻船入水可能性是如此遥远，我绝对没有想到。”

当他赶到码头，冰层从海岸线延伸出来，但木制码头延长，甚至更远，并为他提供了相当方便下到冰冷的水。船坞有大约两英尺以上的水，有点棘手，但佩恩能没有困难小心地放下自己新船。

这是显而易见的，他的新船是不像他过去老的折叠皮艇，没有过去稳定，他摇晃来回来感受稳定性的差异。一切都显得还好，突然他俯身多一点点，因为他曾在他的其他皮艇做数百次没有问题，但新船没有反作用于他的运动，而是突然倾覆，于是佩恩直接入水。

浸泡突如其来的打击， 惊呆了他，但他能够勉强呼吸，而在水中，因为他的衣服和舒适合身的PFD短暂的延迟，相结合的冷冻水接触他的皮肤。他试图最快和最明智的路线取得安全 - 回到船码头- 但没有奏效，因为它太高，他的浸泡湿衣服的重量，把他往下拽。他多次尖叫救命，但均无人接听。这是一个寒冷，灰色，大风天码头，也没有人看见他翻船或目睹他挣扎着爬回到了码头。

佩恩觉得他没有多少时间了，所以他开始拼命地游在30码外无冰岸堤墙。因为严寒和他难控制自己的呼吸，最好的泳式，他可以​​用是缓慢而非常低效的狗刨，从而保持他的身体几乎垂直于水面，也削弱了他的前进速度，以每两秒钟约1英尺。在这样的速度，花了大约3分钟后，他到达了防波堤。 “气喘吁吁与冷抽搐”，他终于达到安全地方。

案例说明：
对于人由于呼吸失控，90英尺30米是一场马拉松游泳距离，在冰冷的水中。佩恩的直立，狗跑是游泳故障的特征，而且毫无疑问，如果没有他的救生衣的支持下，他会没过多久淹死，在他能够达到彼岸之前。
过去成功经验和熟悉往往滋生自满情绪，一种心态，使得它很容易作出一个近乎致命的决定， 在无保护的冷冻水中划艇。没有做最坏的准备。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-09 00:52

案例5

迈克尔·安东尼·威廉姆斯和迈克尔·保罗
2010年3月28日 - 密苏里州斯普林菲尔德湖
在三月下旬凉爽的一天，迈克尔·安东尼·威廉姆斯，41，和迈克尔·保罗McHaffie，34岁，从一个明亮的黄色皮划艇钓鱼时，​​翻船于斯普林菲尔德湖，离岸边不到100码，在齐腰深的45-50F的水中。无论那个人没戴救生衣PFD。水被描述为平静。

McHaffie能够勉强回到岸上，但是当他一转身，他看到威廉姆斯大约40码远的地方，面浮倒在水中。然后，他发现有人用手机谁拨打了911。消防队员通话呼叫后，约3分钟后去到现场。

当他们赶到，发现了威廉姆斯，他们勇敢地穿上救生衣，涉水通过45到50f 度7-10c的水，无潜水衣或干衣DRYSUITS的保护，并把他拉回岸边。到了那个时候，他已经没有脉搏，没有呼吸，并已在水中约10分钟。消防队员开始心肺复苏术，并运送威廉姆斯CoxSouth医院的救护车，在那里努力救活他，都没有成功。

案例说明：
冷水不必非常冷，或淹盖在你的头上来，就能杀你。两人根本没考虑船颠覆的后果。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-09 01:09

案例6

布赖恩·基斯和Nathan基斯
2010年3月27日 - 斯托克顿湖，密苏里州
这是一个温暖的春日，当布赖恩·基斯决定把他8岁的儿子拿带上一个他的14英尺摩托艇，在斯托克顿湖，但水的温度接近冰点。波对水体的高度，波高由风的强度，可对其吹送的距离（称为“提取”）和时间，＂提取＂吹出的长度来确定。斯托克顿湖是特殊大叉形体，两个臂膀有大约15英里公开水域，足够多的距离，如果风吹向一定的方向，会制造非常恶劣的条件。事故的早晨，天气据说平静。当暴风雨来过，很突然变的更糟，水淹没了小船。布赖恩和Nathan没有穿着干湿衣，朋友和家庭成员的惊哦，没穿是穿着PFD，虽然在船上有两个。当他们未能及时返回，搜索寻找他们的踪影，只恢复两个个人漂浮装置救生衣，被发现漂浮在水面上。据新闻报道，花了几周时间尸体才浮出水面。悲剧发生之后，家庭成员成立了布莱恩和弥敦道基斯水上安全基金教育组织，第一年筹得$ 25,000，并列出活动清单，以保持两个活着的记忆。其中最主要的是：提高对使用救生衣，体温过低的危险，教育小船可以在水中像斯托克顿湖有风的面对的危险问题。
案例说明：
另一种阳光灿烂的日子引诱父亲和儿子出到致死冷水。失温并不一定导致布莱恩和Nathan基斯死亡。他们也许早以冷休克和游泳衰竭导致死亡，在失温可能发生很久以前。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-10 22:41

前面六个例子引出第一个安全原则：

“务必穿救生衣:

为什么呢？

一个救生衣大大减少你突然溺水的机会，由于冷休克和游泳故障。除了少数例外，冷休克导致人们立刻失去呼吸和控制能力。因此，尽管他们可以游泳，许多人突然淹死 。

如果冷休克导致一个人嘴张开，而他们的嘴一旦浸入冷水中，溺水能瞬间发生。这种现象曾经被称为“突然消失综合症”，如果你穿着救生衣正确固定， 它是特别避免突然你不消失，沉入水底。

溺水也可能发生在因吸入水或游泳故障波浪飞溅， 而产生的前几分钟冷休克。如果你不穿PFD，如你也不能游泳或踩水， 你会马上淹死。”

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-10 22:44

Case 7

http://www.coldwatersafety.org/Rule2.html#rule2CaseList
Irina McEntee and Carissa Ireland
May 16th, 2010 - Casco Bay, Maine
The water was calm and the weather was gorgeous and unseasonably warm when two young women, Irina McEntee, 18, and her best friend Carissa Ireland, 20, launched their kayaks for a short, round-trip paddle between Peaks Island and Ram Island in Casco Bay, Maine – a trip that Irena had made many times before. Irena’s parents actually had a view of the paddling route from their house on Peaks Island and saw both girls land safely.
Ram Island is only a mile across the water from Peaks, but the location is exposed - to the East, South, and Southeast, there's nothing but open ocean, and neither Irena’s parents nor the girls were aware that the National Weather Service had issued a Small Craft Advisory for that afternoon.
When they attempted to paddle home, the weather had changed and the wind was blowing out of the north and gusting to 22mph. That may not sound like much on land, but out on the open water it’s another story, particularly for small human-powered boats like kayaks.
Unable to make headway against the wind, Irena and Carissa were blown out to sea and into much rougher conditions where, dressed only in shorts and light shirts, they capsized in brutally cold 48F (9C) water.
When the girls failed to return home on schedule, Irena’s parents could look out the window and see much rougher conditions had become - and that there were no kayaks in sight. By then it was 2.5 hours before sunset. Heartsick with worry, they called the Coast Guard, which responded by promptly dispatching the 207-foot US Coast Guard cutter Campbell, launching a Jayhawk helicopter and Falcon jet from Air Station Cape Cod, sending out an emergency broadcast on Channel 16, and contacting their “local partners” - civilians with SAR capabilities in the Casco Bay area - setting in motion what was to become a massive search operation.

HH-60 Jayhawk Medium Range Helicopter – US Coast Guard
As any pilot can attest, it's not easy to spot small objects from the air. At best, a person wearing a PFD will have only their head and upper shoulders exposed - not an easy target, even when the light is favorable and the water flat calm. The same goes for twelve foot blue-green kayaks.
When the sun set at 8;00 p.m., searchers were left with roughly 90 minutes of gradually diminishing twilight before darkness fell. Nevertheless, by 8:30 p.m., both kayaks had been located, floating in the open ocean roughly seven miles South of Ram Island, and about a mile SSE of Cape Elizabeth. One kayak was upright and contained a jacket and T-shirt; the other was upside-down. Irena and Carissa were nowhere in sight.

Map of Casco Bay
Search teams on the ground had initially concentrated their efforts on Ram and nearby Cushing Island, but found no sign of the missing women. With the discovery of the kayaks, the ground search moved South to probable landing areas on Richmond Island and Cape Elizabeth. When twilight faded into night, searchers began using aerial flares for illumination.
After a grueling all-night search involving the U.S. Coast Guard, multiple local agencies, and more than 150 people, they were found by the Coast Guard at 9:00 am the following morning, floating lifeless in their PFD’s, three miles offshore and seven miles south of their original destination.

Even strong and experienced paddlers can be overwhelmed by the wind, which is why they pay particular attention to Marine Weather Forecasts. This information is broadcast by the National Weather Service and you can access it with an inexpensive weather radio – the kind you find at Radio Shack. Information is also available online.
Inexpensive, reliable, waterproof cases that are available for cell phones allow you to operate the phone without removing it from the case. You can program your phone with the number of the closest Coast Guard sector.
High quality, waterproof, hand-held VHF radios can be purchased for under $150. The US Coast Guard continuously monitors emergency Channel 16 (the one you’d use on your VHF radio to call for help) as do many commercial and private boats. Most VHF radios also have an automatic weather alert feature that activates whenever an adverse weather broadcast is detected.
Back to cases

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-10 22:47

伊琳娜McEntee和爱尔兰卡里萨
2010年5月16日 - 卡斯科湾，缅因
水很平静，天气是华丽和异常温暖。 当两名年轻妇女，伊琳娜McEntee ， 18 ，和她最好的朋友的Carissa爱尔兰， 20 ，推出了他们的皮艇，做很短的旅程，往返卡斯科湾里的峰岛和拉姆岛，缅因 - 。伊雷娜以往曾走过很多次。伊雷娜的父母其实可以从他们峰岛的家，看到划行全程景色，他们也看到两个女孩安全着陆。

拉姆岛是在水面只有一英里从远，但位置暴露 - 东，南，东南亚，除开放的海洋其他什么都没有，但，既不伊雷娜的父母，也不是女孩们意识到，那个下午国家气象局已经发出小艇警报。

当他们试图桨回家时，天气变了，风是北部吹出来的，阵风22英里每小时（五六级）。这可能听起来陆地问题不多，而是对公开水域又是另一回事，特别是对于小人力驱动的船像皮艇。

无法取得顶风进展， 伊雷娜及卡里萨反而被吹出海，进入更坏的条件下，她们只穿着短裤和衬衫轻穿着，他们在翻船惨遭遇冷48F （ 9C ）的水。

当女孩没有按时回家，伊雷娜的父母看窗外，看到已成为 更凶险的状况- 没发现皮艇。到那时，已是夕阳2.5小时前。悲痛与忧虑，他们叫了美海岸警卫队，207英尺长的快艇坎贝尔，并并从科德角空军基地出动了Jayhawk的直升机，向外发送信道16紧急广播，并联系“当地卡斯科湾地区其他平民救援队” ，并成为一个巨大的搜索营救行动。

HH- 60直升机Jayhawk的中期 - 美国海岸防卫队

因为任何飞行员都可以证明，这是不容易被发现从空气中的小物件。充其量，一个人穿着PFD只会有他们的头和裸露的肩膀上 - 不是一个容易的目标，即使在光线为正，平水平静。这同样适用于蓝绿十二英尺皮艇。

当太阳落山为8 00点，搜索者只剩下逐步递减黄昏前夜色降临大约的90分钟时间。然而， 8:30 PM，两皮艇发现，漂浮在开放的海洋南拉姆岛大约七年英里，伊丽莎白角的一英里原附近。一个皮艇是正位置，里边有外套和T恤，另一个是上下颠倒。伊雷娜和卡里萨人没下落。

地图卡斯科湾

搜索队在地面上最初集中于他们的拉姆和附近的库欣岛的努力，但发现失踪少女迹象。随着皮艇的发现，地面搜索南迁至可能的着陆区在里士满岛和伊丽莎白角。当黄昏消失在夜里，搜索者使用的空中火光照明开始。

一个艰苦的通宵搜索涉及美国海岸警备队，当地多个机构，超过150人，她们尸体被发现，由海岸警卫队上午9:00次日早晨，在她们穿着PFD， 三英里离陆地， 七英里原目的地以南。

案例说明：
即使是强大的和有经验的桨手可以由风陷入困境，这就是为什么他们要特别注意海洋天气预报。此信息由国家气象局的广播，你可以用一个廉价的无线电气象 收音机。信息也可在网上。

价格低廉，质量可靠，防水套可用于该手机， 允许你操作手机无需从箱中取出。您可以设定您的手机包含最接近的海巡部门的电话号码。

高品质，防水，手持式甚高频无线电就可以150美元以下买到。美国海岸防卫队紧急持续监控通道16像许多商业和私人船只（你会使用你的甚高频无线电呼救的那一个） 。每当检测到恶劣天气广播， 甚高频对讲机还具有自动激活天气警报功能。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-18 16:58

第八案例：

http://www.coldwatersafety.org/Rule2.html#rule2Case2

Michael and Daniel Madders
August 23, 2009 Loch Maree, Scotland

Wearing fluorescent PFD’s, Dr Michael Madders, 52, a well-known and highly respected ornithologist, and his son, Daniel, 7, set out around noon on Sunday from Tollie Bay for a short, 20 minute canoe trip on Loch Maree, a remote loch in the Scottish Highlands.
At twelve-and-a-half-miles long by two-and-a-half miles wide, with a surface area of 11 miles, Loch Maree is the fourth largest freshwater loch in Scotland and the largest north of Loch Ness. The water there is very cold year-round, and area residents were quoted as saying that conditions on the lake were notoriously changeable and had been particularly poor that afternoon, with driving rain and waves that could easily overwhelm a small vessel such as a canoe.
Tollie Bay is a short distance from the village of Poolewe where Dr. Madders had lived for the last few years with Daniel’s mother, Christine Cain, and when the pair didn’t return home on time, she went down to the loch to look for them and found their overturned canoe on the shore around 4:30 p.m.
The Stornoway coastguard rescue helicopter was scrambled shortly afterwards and located the missing pair by 5:30pm. Although reports indicated that both father and son were alive when found, they were pronounced dead when they arrived at the Western Isles Hospital in Stornoway after being airlifted across The Minch to the Outer Hebrides. Christine was left with the heartbreaking task of identifying their bodies.
Nick Thompson, manager of the Loch Maree hotel, was quoted as saying "I warned off three other kayakers on Sunday – the waves were 3ft high. It was dangerous conditions, there were white caps everywhere. A lot of people just don't know the loch. It can change quickly and become very treacherous suddenly." He also noted that a father and daughter had been lucky to escape with their lives three weeks earlier when their canoe capsized. Fortunately they had been able to swim to the shore.

Canoes are notorious for being very difficult or impossible to handle in strong winds. The most likely scenario is that a sudden weather change caught Dr. Madders and his son out on the loch. The high wind would have made it impossible for them to return to shore, and large waves would have filled the canoe with water or otherwise caused it to capsize. Wearing PFDs wasn’t enough. In those conditions they needed thermal protection to survive.

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-18 17:51

穿着荧光PFD的，博士迈克尔Madders ， 52 ，某知名和备受推崇的鸟类学家，和他的儿子，丹尼尔， 7 ，周日中午左右从在内陆大湖MAREE的Tollie湾 ，设置了路程短， 20分钟独木舟之旅。 MAREE湖位于苏格兰高地。

在12 1/2 英里长，2 1/2英里宽， 11英里的表面积，湖MAREE是第四大淡水湖泊，在苏格兰和尼斯湖以北最大的一个。水全年非常冷，当地居民的话说那是湖上条件已经出了名的多变和恶劣，尤其是午后，随着瓢泼的大雨和湖浪，可以很容易颠覆小容器：如独木舟。

Tollie湾是离Poolewe不远的地方，Poolewe是 Madders博士过去的几年中与丹尼尔的母亲曾经生活地方，丹尼尔的母亲克里斯蒂娜，发现他们没有按时回家，她就下到湖边找他们， 下午4:30左右在岸边找到了他们的掀翻的独木舟。

不久之后斯托诺韦海岸警卫队的救援直升机来到，下午5:30时找到了俩人。虽然指示的报告说，发现他们时，父亲和儿子都是活着，在斯托诺韦跨越的门奇被空运到外赫布里底群岛之后， 西部群岛医院宣告他们死亡。母亲只留下了令人心碎的识别他们尸体任务。

尼克·汤普森，尼斯湖MAREE酒店的经理，被引述说： “在周日我警告过其他三个皮划艇运动员 - 大浪3英尺高那是危险的条件，有白头浪随处可见，很多人只是不知道。该湖。它能快速突然成为恶劣状况“ 。我还注意到，前三周时一个父亲和女儿被幸运地逃脱灾难，他们的独木舟倾覆。幸好他们能游到岸边。

案例说明：

独木舟在非常困难或不可能处理的强风时，臭名昭著。最可能的情况是，一个突如其来的天气变化抓到Madders博士和他的儿子划的湖。高风将不可能为他们回到岸上，大波浪加上本来进满水的独木舟或其他原因， 导致其翻船。穿着个人漂浮装置是不够的。在这些条件下，他们需要热保护才能生存。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-18 22:46

第九案例：

凯文Dammen
2011年6月7日小响沙湾，使徒群岛区，苏必利尔湖
据新闻报道，事件发生在6月7日下午，明尼苏达州当威诺纳州立大学四大学院的学生，在小响沙湾苏必利尔湖，下了他们的皮艇。他们计划在两个英里，公开水域到小沙岛，然后通过相同的路线返回。分别鉴定为兄弟凯文和凯尔Dammen  ，奥斯汀，明尼苏达州的20 ;格兰特Schlicter ， 21 ，薇诺娜，明尼苏达州的;霍利和Travis威诺纳，明尼苏达州，19 ，都穿着救生衣。

虽然据报道整个大湖区气温，　在事件发生前几个星期有显着增加，水温仍然是一个残酷的47F(9c), 和国家气象局风的预测发出小艇船用警报, 阵风30英里每小时（６－７级大风）。

当划到2/3 ， 4英尺的海浪（一米多）引起的皮艇之一，被水淹没，迫使桨手从船上跳出。其他三个皮划艇手转身帮他，其中一人，凯文Dammen ，弄翻了他的小船，　并湿退出。他穿有救生衣，泳裤和一件T恤。虽然潜水衣和他在一起，他没有穿它。

一个在这一点上，据说凯文指挥两个皮划艇朋友，　留守在翻的第一只小船，以帮助在水中的另外桨手。他们通过让那个人就抱住皮艇后方，由皮艇牵引下，进行拖他的方式，　来完成上岛的剩余部分。

在新闻报道中没有任何迹象表明，是否任何企图挽救和重新上淹没的皮艇，也没有给出解释，为什么凯文没有采取被第二皮艇拖船上岸。

当两个皮艇和在拖其他队友上岛后，其中一人转身，划2英里回出发地，下午5:30 ，联系了贝菲尔德县通信中心通过911（救援） 。据介绍，水上和海岸线的搜索开始，并一船被派往沙群岛接回两个皮划艇手。

被通知情况后，海岸警卫队站贝菲尔德立即发动25英尺的响应船，船上有一个小型救援队。该海巡艇晚上八时发现凯文在小响沙湾acerca，在水中的浮尸，穿着他的蓝色救生衣，并穿有潜水服上的一半。船上的船员把他拉到船上，并进行心肺复苏，他们运输同时他来实行生命支撑，其中亚什兰医护人员和赤壁救护车急救人员，在岸上等待。被复苏仍在继续努力，但护理人员无法使他苏醒。

在充电站贝菲尔德的军士长官员詹姆斯·罗伯逊，船上船员没有看到凯文，直到非常近，因为他的救生衣和水的颜色接近。

案例说明：

你穿热保护湿衣，你有它不算数，　穿了才算。即使水是温暖的，也是异常艰难的在水中穿上潜水衣。

kurtyang04 · 2014-02-26 17:21

国内划艇的人越来越多，希望通过交流，提高安全度，推迟发生的时间减少可能性。至少教育自己，我们的朋友。

特别是领队，没有温度概念，出了事后悔来不及。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-04 05:38

Case 10

Fengquan Guan
May 9th, 2010 Milford, Connecticut
While on an annual visit with friends in Milford, Fengquan Guan, 32, of Beijing, went paddling alone on Long Island Sound in a grey, 16-foot double kayak that he had used on previous occasions. He set out at 11 a.m., wearing a black sweater, black jeans, and a Body Glove PFD, for what he thought would be a short trip along the shoreline. The water temperature was a very cold 54F, and conditions in Long Island Sound were rough, with winds gusting around 23 mph and 2-3 foot seas.
When he didn’t return within two hours, Guan’s friend called the local police and the Coast Guard was brought in to search the area. Using helicopters, falcon jets, and rescue boats, police and Coast Guard personnel initially canvassed 1,250 square miles searching for him. The search was finally called off the next day at 9 p.m. after no sign of either Guan or his kayak could be found.

One day later, however, his kayak was discovered by Southold police officers, swamped at the high tide line in Goldsmith Inlet, and the search was resumed, again without success. His body was finally recovered two weeks later when it washed ashore on Ocean Beach in Amaganset. The Body Glove PFD was found washed ashore nearby, suggesting that perhaps it wasn’t properly fastened and came off in the water.

Case Note:  
Milford, where Guan launched, lies in a crescent shaped indentation of the Connecticut coast that’s quite protected unless wind is blowing from the East or South. Although offshore conditions in Long Island Sound were quite rough, the water would have appeared fairly calm to Guan when he was standing on shore preparing to launch his kayak, because the water almost always appears deceptively calm when the wind is blowing offshore.

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-04 05:53

第十例是个中国人，也是我知道的第一个中国人死于海洋舟事故。

而且离我很近，发生事故那天我记得很清楚，死者我并不认识，媒体说这个中国人失踪了，当一个人也是从北京访问康州的中国人，划着朋友的海洋舟没回家，我知道凶多吉少。

那天我们在nh 州漂流为阿拉斯加训练，虽说5月，天上飘着一点雪花，空气就4度，水温也就4度，不幸的是我们一大半人落水，我也是一位，穿着两件潜水衣，还好没那么冷，但阵风6级

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-04 06:05

南边的康州要暖和些，空气和海水温度大概10／9度，阵风还是6级。

死者没穿潜水衣，可以想象，浪打翻了船，死者试图爬上皮划艇，没成功，不出20分钟，热量散尽，完全没了自救能力，再过一钟头，身体开始强烈失温，生命不再有机会挽回。

第一个中国人划海洋舟死于失温再次证明低温度的水是多么可怕。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 20:53

Translate from: English
关凤泉，北京， 32 每年参观米尔福德的朋友，并以前用过一个灰色的， 16英尺长的双人皮艇划独自在长岛海湾里划艇。上午11时身穿黑色毛衣，黑色牛仔裤和手套救生衣 ，打算沿海岸线行程短。长岛湾水温很冷在54F（12C） ，海况不好，约23英里的大风（六级），半米到一米的浪。
当他两个小时内没回，关的朋友打电话当地警方和海岸警卫队， 被带到搜索的区域。使用直升机，猎鹰飞机，船只和救援，警察和海岸警卫队人员开始在1,250平方英里搜寻他。晚上9点后搜索暂停， 他或皮艇的迹象无迹可寻。

一天过去了，他的皮艇被由警务人员发现，在沼泽中高潮线。 搜索得到恢复，再次无功而返。他的身体终于两个星期后冲上岸。手套PFD也被发现附近冲上岸，这表明也许没穿救生衣，它在水中脱落。

案例说明：
米尔福德，下船在康涅狄格州海岸的月牙形缺口，除非吹东南风， 这个相当开放的大湖， 不能算公开水域。尽管长岛湾海上条件相当不好，下水处很平静蒙骗了他，而且当天的风向在吹船离岸。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 20:55

案例11：

 Mark J. Tamkus
March 17th, 2011 Millsite Lake, Redwood, New York
Mark J. Tamkus, 62, of 42607 Camp Tousey Rd., in Redwood, NY, was found under his capsized kayak at 3:00 p.m. by the Jefferson County Special Tactics and Rescue team after his family had reported him missing earlier in the day.

The kayak was found floating upside down in a small area of open water in front of his lakeside home. Millsite Lake was still mostly ice-covered, and the water temperature at the time of capsize was 32F. Mr. Tamkus, who was not wearing a sprayskirt, drowned before he was even able to exit the kayak.

Following an autopsy conducted that evening at Samaritan Medical Center in nearby Watertown, Jefferson County medical examiner Dr. Samuel A. Livingstone, ruled that he died of asphyxia due to cold-water drowning.

Mr. Tamkus was a part-time veterans benefit counselor and advocate at the Veterans Affairs Community-Based Outpatient Clinic in Watertown. Millsite Lake is located in the Jefferson County town of Redwood, about 90 miles north of Syracuse, NY.
Case Note: 
This incident is an excellent example of what happens when cold shock causes a person to gasp while under water: they immediately drown, often before they’re even able to exit the kayak.

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 21:10

第十一例

大概说, 事故发生在水温0 C ， 关键点是，冷休克 。死亡时，他人还在船上，连冷退出都没来得及做。解剖医生证明呼吸能力散失导致溺水死亡。

 冷休克是水上运动安全极其重要概念，发生在10度以下的水，导致人突然呼吸困难，散失自救能力。

解决办法就是干衣或潜水衣。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 21:12

第12例：

 Nine U.S. Marines
March 6th, 1968, Potomac River, Quantico, Virginia
It was 4 p.m. on a Wednesday afternoon. The air temperature was in the 40’s (5-9C), and a light breeze created small ripples on the surface of the water. Nine U.S. Marines, dressed in sweatsuits and paddling a 25-foot canvas covered “war canoe” with a 4-foot beam, were nearing the end of a two-mile crossing of the Potomac River, 25 miles south of Washington, D.C., when they suddenly capsized approximately 100 yards from shore.

The Marines were all excellent swimmers, part of an elite group that had trained for two months as close-combat, physical-fitness, and water-survival instructors at the nearby Marine Corps Physical Fitness Academy. They were a tough bunch, and their group leader had taught water-survival for five years.

No one was wearing a PFD when the canoe turned over, but it was equipped with seat-cushion-type life preservers - one for every man on board. Why they capsized, and whether they attempted to right and reenter the canoe will never be known, because despite a valiant attempt to swim to safety, every single one of them drowned. The water temperature was 36 degrees (2C).
Case Note: 
No matter how strong, fit, determined or motivated you are, sudden immersion in cold water is a life-threatening event.

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 21:23

 九名美海军陆战队溺死

1968年3月6日，波托马克河，弗吉尼亚
这是个星期三的下午4点。空气温度是在40年代（5 -9C） ，并有微风的小波纹的水面上。九美海军陆战队，身着套头衫和划着25英尺的帆布覆盖有一个4英尺的横梁的“战争独木舟”，已接近华盛顿特区波托马克河以南41公里的一两英里穿越， 快到底时离岸边约100码，突然他们倾覆。

海军陆战队都是优秀的游泳者，这已经训练了两个月的近战，健身，和教官在附近的海军陆战队体能学院， 精英集团的一部分，接受水上生存的训练。他们是一个很强悍的一群，他们的组长曾是水上生存的五年教官。

当独木舟翻了没有人穿着PFD救生衣，但它配备了座椅坐垫式救生衣 - 每个人在船上都有一个。他们为什么倾覆，以及他们是否试图向右，很难再知道，尽管他们勇敢的游泳试图到安全地带，但他们的每一都被淹死了。水的温度为36度（2C ） 。

案例说明：

不管你有多强悍，健康，有决心或智慧，突然浸入冷水中是一种非常威胁生命的事件。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 21:30

第十三个故事：

David Arthur Dickerson
April 21st, 2012 Omena Bay, Lake Michigan
Family members said that Dave Dickerson, 43, loved being out on the water and usually paddled his canoe for an hour every evening on Omena Bay, starting around 6 p.m. From all accounts he appears to have been a lovely, kind, generous, and thoughtful man who was well-respected in his community.
According to the information below, posted on the internet by his sister, Dickerson had a lot of assorted outdoor experience under his belt:

“He left a good job as the buyer for the world's largest paddling retailer to live on Omena Bay, because that's where he wanted to live”. 

“He was fueled by a passion for living. Salmon fishing in the Pacific. Ice climbing on Mount Washington. Downhill skiing black diamond slopes of Bridger Bowl in Montana. White water rafting the Galliton River in Yellowstone Park. He paddled the Gales of November in Lake Superior. His sailboat was the first on Omena Bay in spring and the last to come out”.

“He built his life around kayaking, canoeing, sailing, hiking, snowshoeing and climbing. He found grace in every weather. And he took it seriously, buying the best quality gear and the right clothes for the weather. He bought my daughter's first life preserver, her first sled and her first snorkel. He organized her first canoe trip, and her second and her third”.

On the Sand River, Ontario
Omena Bay is formed by a small indentation in the shoreline of Grand Traverse Bay, which itself is a part of northern Lake Michigan. On the final evening that he went paddling, Dickerson took his dog with him in the canoe. Although there was no wind and conditions were calm, the water temperature was a brutally cold 41F (5C).

He was expected home by 7:00 p.m., and when he didn’t return on time family members went looking for him. They couldn’t find him, and at 8:15 p.m., his sister called 911 for help and Leelanau County dispatch notified Coast Guard Sector Sault Sainte Marie, which launched an MH-65 Dolphin helicopter from Air Station Traverse City, and dispatched a 25-foot Response Boat–Small from Station Charlevoix.

MH-65 Dolphin
Within minutes of getting airborne, the helicopter crew located the overturned canoe and also spotted Dickerson, who appeared unresponsive, floating in the water about 100 feet away. Minutes later, Northport firemen and emergency medical technicians made the recovery, confirmed that he was unresponsive, and transported him to a nearby hospital, where he was pronounced dead. His dog survived and returned home soaking wet at 9:30 p.m.

Dave Dickerson’s sister, Rachael North, contacted us and provided a number of important details which we’ve included in this article. In the aftermath of the tragedy, she also contacted the Coast Guard at Traverse City and worked with them to create a safety video to alert others about the danger of cold water. Watch the video here.
Rachel also shared a video of Dave - fully dressed for immersion in a drysuit, neo hood and gloves - rolling his kayak on Omena Bay the previous December, and told us that he had both a wetsuit and drysuit hanging in his closet – a piece of information that naturally raises the question of why in the world he wasn’t wearing any protection when he went out that night. Watch the video here.
Dickerson was a very competent paddler with a wealth of outdoor experience, and yet he left his cold water gear at home. How could that happen? What was he thinking? The sobering answer is that a person can easily make this kind of bad decision without even thinking about it.
In November, 2011, I wrote a safety article for Sea Kayaker magazine analyzing a very similar incident in which another competent and experienced paddler, someone who also knew better than to leave his wetsuit in the closet, went paddling solo on the freezing Mississippi River and came within a whisker of dying.
We have four documents on our site that relate to these seemingly inexplicable lapses in judgment, and while no one will ever really know what Dave Dickerson was thinking, I believe this information can help us to better understand his tragedy.

Cold and Alone on an Icy River
Randy Morgart’s gripping personal account of his near-death experienced on the Mississippi appeared in the August 2010 issue of Sea Kayaker.
Short Video Demonstrating the Power of Moving Ice
This video, taken by Randy Morgart shortly before he capsized, shows sheets of ¼ inch ice moving slowly along with the Mississippi River flow. It’s a pretty, tranquil scene – until you see that ice knocking a large steel buoy all over the place.
Anatomy of a Bad Decision
This article explores the age-old tug of war between reason and emotion, and sheds light on the question of how an experienced paddler could decide to leave his wetsuit at home and go kayaking on freezing water.
Short Analysis of Randy Morgart
This article is a closer look at Randy Morgart’s experience with both cold shock and incapacitation. Also discussed is his clothing, his successful self-rescue, and his inability to think clearly throughout the entire incident.

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-20 21:49

第十三个故事

看上去很长，其实更多是教育内容，懂英文者可以打开好多链接， 更多的内容。

这个出事是五大湖，5C的水温， 出事没风没浪。 翻船后，人挂了，但狗幸存下来。在自然生存面前，也许人不如狗。

出事的人是户外高人，拥有各种防冻衣裤设施，但是那天他没带。

水上户外安全大局来不得任何马虎，过度的自信害人害已， 在大自然面前一定要谦卑。 这个事件只要穿了潜水衣，无论其他错，命是可以保住地。

kurtyang04 · 2014-03-30 22:49

今年各大划艇俱乐部纷纷选择三月作为首划日子，好不热闹。从北国的北京到南国的广西，纷纷下水。除了花式艇比较重视保温外，其他活动基本没准备失温的后果。是的，也许出事概率不大，但出人命可能性还是有的，特别是意想不到的翻船后果，尤其是新人。15-20度的水浸泡3钟头也会出人命。希望各地方领队，至少春天的活动保守些。北半球最高水温在8月初，3月底水温度与11月下12月初接近，你懂得。
。

kurtyang04 · 2014-04-08 02:43

发现这个问题在静水艇友里相当严重，最有效的方法是潜水服（短袖连体也成）。要点：潜水服要紧贴身。

2／3mm 延长人的生命2-5 倍，静水和海水出事道理类似简单：

爬不上船或岸，冷水开始加速失温过程，朋友去寻找救援，在水里能坚持的时间完全与潜水服多少厚有关，能坚持2／3钟头，生存的机会会多得多。

kurtyang04 · 2014-04-08 02:59

北美标准规范：

水温21度以上基本可以不穿

水温10度以下最好是干衣，5度以下落水非常危险。如果是湿衣，全身的是有必要地。

水温10-20度是湿衣。

在皮划艇迅速发展的今天，我一直担心全国第一个失温事故离我们不远了，我们艇手有必要保护自己，并教育新艇友，拒绝事故发生，至少不发生在我们周围。

爬山的失温和划船失温后果都很严重，爬山已死不少人了，对失温的认识是艇手成熟的一个指标。

kurtyang04 · 2014-04-16 11:38

其实有经验地划海洋舟，不比坐轮渡危险多少。如果我在韩国，这个季节是不能离开海岸线太远，因为水温是超级杀手，还有对机动船保持警惕，泰坦尼克号都沉了，哪有不沉的船。或者带一件潜水服，给生命更多的机会。水火无情，但知识可以带来不同的结果，无知让人陷于被动。

kurtyang04 · 2014-05-03 00:47

水哥的数据就是厉害，温度出问题的机制是让人迅速失去能量，没了能量，生命离终点不远了。

很多事故背后没有挑明的就是失温。

水上另一大事故根源就是别住trap(pin）各种各样的trap，防trap, 防水温， 90%的危险因素就会排除。

从韩国海难，云南小朋友出事，特种兵出事，都逃不过这两个定律。

kurtyang04 · 2014-06-10 23:07

统计资料显示：

８０％以上重大事故发生在１１Ｃ度以下的水温，就是说冬天出事可能是夏天出事的几十倍，　北方的可能是南方的几十倍。

如果在１５度以下水温划海洋舟，您的防御重点将是水温。

Fact: A review of 6 fatal and 12 near-fatal accidents (1985) noted that all but one involved water temperatures of 50°F or less. A more recent review of 20 accidents, 19 involving immersion of 26 people in cold water noted that 10 died before they could be rescued and the remainder had varying degree of hypothermia.

kurtyang04 · 2014-06-19 15:35

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/feb/05/suit-filed-in-kayaking-trip-death/

A city parks instructor manual appears to ban city-sponsored kayak trips in the kind of weather that led to a chaotic and deadly excursion organized by Gonzaga University and sponsored by the Spokane parks department, according to a lawsuit filed Monday.
Christopher Gormley, 18, died from hypothermia after his kayak tipped in the frigid waters of Rock Lake during the trip on April 1. He was one of seven people on the trip organized by Gonzaga Outdoors, which contracted with the city parks department to provide the equipment and guide for the trip. Gormley, a freshman honors student, was majoring in political science and was a recent graduate of Henry M. Jackson High School in Everett.
Among those named in the wrongful death lawsuit filed by Gormley’s mother, Susan Gormley, are the city of Spokane, Gonzaga University and Brandon LeBaron, the temporary seasonal parks employee who was the guide for the trip.
The lawsuit says a manual for Spokane Parks and Recreation Department instructors directs instructors that trips are not allowed “where the wind exceeds 13-18 mph.”
The National Weather Service had issued a wind advisory at 3:37 a.m. that day for the Palouse effective from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The advisory warned of sustained southwest winds of 25 to 30 mph with gusts of up to 50 mph. The strongest winds were expected between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.
The kayak group launched at about 10:30 a.m.
City spokeswoman Marlene Feist said Monday that the city had not yet received a copy of the lawsuit and that City Attorney Nancy Isserlis would not comment.
LeBaron and Gonzaga spokeswoman Mary Joan Hahn could not be reached. An officer for the Gonzaga Student Body Association, which is also named in the lawsuit, declined to comment.
LeBaron, 23, remains a temporary seasonal employee for the parks department and teaches cross-country skiing and snowshoeing classes, Feist said.
Susan Gormley filed a $5 million claim with the city in October. Seattle attorney Lee Corkrum, who is representing the Gormleys, confirmed the suit had been filed but directed questions about the suit to documents filed in Spokane County Superior Court.
Although all the participants were wearing life jackets, only LeBaron was wearing a wetsuit even though the water temperature was about 40 degrees and the air was about 35 degrees, according to the Whitman County Sheriff’s Office incident report.
The lawsuit points to recommendations from the American Canoe Association that say that a “wetsuit is a must” when paddling in water less than 60 degrees or when the air and water temperatures add up to less than 120 degrees.
Gonzaga student guides on the trip had cellphones and a Satellite Personal Tracker, a device that allows people to communicate with emergency services even when out of cellphone reach, in their possession, the lawsuit says. But the suit claims they were “inoperable or could not be used.”
“Valuable time was lost while the student guides paddled to the west shore of Rock Lake and ran up the beach to locate a landline,” the suit says.
The lawsuit says that Gonzaga officials agreed to cooperate and to explain why the satellite tracking device was not used to call for help. But that information has not been provided, according to the lawsuit.
About 30 minutes after launch, all three single-seat kayaks capsized in the rough water. Four women in two-person kayaks did not tip and paddled back to shore.
Tucker Brinkman, the first to capsize, told deputies he became concerned about the wind and paddled for shore but tipped. While LeBaron was assisting Brinkman, Gormley’s kayak also tipped. LeBaron capsized when trying to help the other kayakers.
Brinkman, who was taken to Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center where he was treated and released, told investigators that he spent about 20 minutes in the water trying to get back into their kayaks before they decided to swim to shore. LeBaron reached shore first to try to get help. But Brinkman said Gormley soon stopped swimming.
The Sheriff’s Office report shows a frightening scene: “Tucker said he asked Christopher what he was doing and said he just kept yelling for help. He told me he was yelling at Christopher to keep swimming, but he would not move. Tucker told me he tried to grab Christopher and pull him with him as he swam, but said he was not able to pull him. Tucker told me the waves were crashing over their heads while they were swimming, and said he swallowed a lot of water,” wrote Brian Keller, of the Whitman County Sheriff’s Office. “Tucker told me he decided to swim to shore to get a kayak. He told me he was to going to get a kayak and take it back out to Christopher. Tucker said when he reached the shore, he was so cold he could not move.”

谷哥翻译：我不修正了。

一个城市公园讲师手册出现禁止城市举办皮划艇在这样的天气也导致了混乱和致命之旅由冈萨加大学主办，斯波坎公园署赞助，据周一提起了诉讼。
克里斯托弗·葛姆雷，18日，他的皮艇补篮岩湖的寒冷水域在4月1日之后的行程从体温过低而死。他是七人由冈萨加在户外举办的行程之一，阙承包随着城市公园部门提供的设备和指南的行程。葛姆雷，一大一优异成绩的学生，主修政治学，是亨利·M·杰克逊高中在埃弗雷特一个刚毕业的大学生。
在那些在过失致人死亡提起诉讼，由葛姆雷的母亲苏珊·葛姆雷命名，是城市斯波坎，冈萨加大学和布兰登莱伯龙，临时季节性园区员工谁是为旅行的指南。
该诉讼认为一本手册为斯波坎公园和休闲部门指导教官教官那车次不准“，其中风excede 13-18英里每小时。”
美国国家气象局已经在上午03点37的帕卢斯发出风咨询这天上午8时有效至下午5时谘询警告25 30哩持续的西南风与高达到50英里的阵风。预期最强烈的风势间上午11时和下午3时
皮艇组acerca上午10:30推出
市女发言人马琳费斯特周一表示，我市还没有收到诉讼和市律师南希Isserlis这不会评论的副本。
莱伯龙和冈萨加女发言人玛丽·琼·哈恩无法达成。为Gonzaga大学学生团体联合会，这是在诉讼中也命名的官员拒绝对此发表评论。
莱伯龙，23岁，仍然是一个季节性临时员工的公园部门和教越野滑雪和雪鞋类，费斯特说。
苏珊·葛姆雷在十月提出500万美元的索赔随着城市。西雅图律师Corkrum李，谁是代表Gormleys，确认诉讼被提起，但执导，讲述了西装的问题只好提起斯波坎县高级法院的文件。
虽然学员们都穿着救生衣，莱伯龙身上只穿着潜水衣，即使水温为40度acerca和空气为35度acerca，按照惠特曼县警长办公室的事故报告。
这起诉讼指向说要“潜水衣是必须的”水划桨小于60度或当空气和水的温度加起来小于120度时，从美国独木舟协会的建议。
就行了Gonzaga大学的学生导游有手机和卫星个人跟踪器，可以让人们不与紧急服务手机通信时，即使够不着，在他们身上，该诉讼认为的设备。但该诉讼声称他们是“无法操作或无法使用。”
“宝贵的时间丢失而学生导游划着到岩湖的西岸跑上海滩找到一个座机”的西装说。
该诉讼称Gonzaga大学官员说，同意合作，并解释为什么卫星跟踪装置不是用来打电话求救。但不是一直认为信息提供，根据诉讼。
发射约30分钟后，所有三个单座皮艇翻沉在粗糙的水。四个女人在两个人皮艇没有小费，划回岸边。
塔克布林克曼，首先要翻船，我告诉代表们开始关注风划着岸上，但放倒。虽然莱伯龙正协助布林克曼，葛姆雷的皮艇也放倒。当莱伯龙倾覆试图帮助其他皮划艇运动员。
布林克曼，谁被带到普罗维登斯圣心医疗中心，在那里我被处理和发布，调查人员告诉记者，acerca已经花了20分钟在水中试图重新进入他们的皮艇之前，他们决定游到岸边。船靠岸莱伯龙先设法得到帮助。但布林克曼说葛姆雷很快就停止游泳。
警长办公室的报告显示一个可怕的场景，“塔克说克里斯托弗问我在做什么，我说我只是不停地喊救命。他告诉我，我被骂克里斯托弗保持游泳，但我不会动。塔克告诉我，我想抓他和拉克里斯托弗与他作为任我游，但说我是不是能拉他。塔克被告知我崩溃在他们头上的海浪，他们游泳时，说我已经吞下了大量的水，写道：“布赖恩·凯勒的惠特曼县警长办公室。 “塔克告诉我，我决定游到岸边来获得皮艇。他告诉我，我会得到一个皮艇，并把它背出来克里斯托弗。当他到达塔克说了岸，我是如此寒冷我动弹不得。“

kurtyang04 · 2014-06-19 15:52

这是我见到不多的事故官司：

1）北美商业GUIDE质量无法保证，至少有20%安全 不合格，包括漂流，人要砸到他们，再出现一些事故主要因素，那么危险就来了。就像韩国船难，那些船长大副们的安全素质比我们差得远呢
2）水温从我们一开始组织活动就很重视，没看到我有那么多潜水衣，一般人无法体会处理这些衣服是多麻烦的事，可是我们从来没在潜水衣上松懈过
3）只要穿潜水衣，这个事故不可能发生，而这里只有向导穿了， 这是领队的侥幸心理，明知道有问题，嫌麻烦，就放弃原则
4）最好的防卫是自己懂得危险，为可能危险准备充分，水温的危险不仅仅在划船，还有游泳冲浪，甚至游艇和大客轮， 还有爬山。很多爬山者死在冰水中，洪水中。
5）水火不留情，不能回避，正确态度而是去学习理解，学会各种方式保护自己。

kurtyang04 · 2014-06-26 18:37

低温继续杀人，水兵划皮划艇两人出事。

http://www.king5.com/news/local/Two-NAS-Whidbey-sailors-drown-while-kayaking-261885251.html

Two NAS Whidbey sailors drown while kayaking

Credit: File photo

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by Associated Press

Posted on June 4, 2014 at 2:22 PM

Updated Wednesday, Jun 4 at 2:22 PM

OAK HARBOR, Wash. - Two enlisted men from Texas and California were not equipped for cold and windy northern waters when they went halibut fishing from kayaks and drowned not far from the Whidbey Island Naval Air Station, the Island County sheriff's office said.

The men were in 10-foot, open, lake-style kayaks, one wearing jeans and the other shorts. They wore recreational life vests. Although the air temperature was 70 Saturday afternoon, the water temperature was 52 degrees, and winds were blowing about 20 mph, Det. Ed Wallace said.

The two launched on the west side of the island about 10 miles south of the air station where currents from the Strait of Juan de Fuca are treacherous, he said.

No one knows exactly what caused them to capsize. The bodies and overturned kayaks were found Sunday morning. The cause of death was salt water drowning with hypothermia, Wallace said.

Both men were assigned to Electronic Attack Squadron 129 at NAS Whidbey: Aviation Machinist's Mate Airman Joseph Tindol Lee, 21, of Kingsville, Texas, and Aviation Machinist's Mate Third Class Vinson Cagzoo Ya, 25, of Sacramento, California.

The men had set out about 4 p.m. and expected to return before dark at 9 p.m., Wallace said.

Someone living on the waterfront bluff heard cries for help about 9:45 p.m. Fire department rescuers and a Coast Guard helicopter searched but found nothing that night, Wallace said.

People walking on the beach about 6 a.m. Sunday found Ya's body. Deputies found his kayak about a quarter-mile away.

As the coroner was recovering the body with a fire department boat, they found Lee's body in the water about a half-mile away, and his kayak was later found on the beach.

The men had fishing gear with them, but it's unknown if a halibut caused the accident or if one or both of them capsized in the wind or if one died trying to help the other. The deaths are a reminder to be adequately equipped for the waters, Wallace said.

"Their kayaks were made more for calm waters, not ocean," he said. Their life vests were a design that didn't keep the face above water.

kurtyang04 · 2014-06-26 18:56

谷歌翻译：

橡树港，华盛顿 - 两个士兵来自得克萨斯州和加利福尼亚州的男子不具备寒风凛冽北部海域大比目鱼捕捞时，他们从小艇去淹死了从惠德贝岛海军航空站不远，岛县警长办公室说。

该男子在10英尺的，开放的，湖式皮艇，一个穿着牛仔裤和其他的短裤。他们穿着救生衣娱乐。虽然空气温度为70星期六下午，水温为52度，吹来的风都是acerca20英里每小时，DET。埃德·华莱士说。

推出岛上acerca南方空气站的地方离胡安德富卡海峡电流是变化莫测的10英里处西侧两个，我说。

没有人知道到底是什么原因导致他们翻船。该机构和推翻皮艇被发现星期天的早晨。死亡的原因是海水低温溺水，华莱士说。

两人都被分配到电子攻击中队129在NAS Whidbey的：航空机械军士飞行员约瑟夫Tindol李某，21岁，金斯维尔，德克萨斯州，航空机械师的伴侣三等Cagzoo已经文森，25，萨克拉门托，加利福尼亚州。

男人们不得不出来acerca下午4九月，预计将在天黑前返回时至晚上9时，华莱士说。

有人住在海滨虚张声势听到哭声大约下午9:45消防部门救援人员和海岸警卫队的直升机帮助搜索，但一无所获那天晚上，华莱士说。

人走在沙滩上acerca上午06时00分星期日雅的尸体找到。代表们发现他的皮艇acerca四分之一英里远。

由于死因裁判官已恢复身体与消防部门的船，他们发现李某的尸体在水中acerca半英里远，而他的皮艇，后来在海滩上找到。

男人有渔具和他们在一起，但它是未知的，如果一个大比目鱼引起的事故或如果其中一人或双方倾覆在风中或一人死亡试图帮助其他。死亡是一个提醒，无论是装备足够的水域，华莱士说。

“他们的皮艇被造更多的平静的水面，而不是海洋，”我说。他们的救生衣被认为没有保持在水面脸设计。

kurtyang04 · 2014-09-19 18:08

天气凉了，而且最近发现的很多起不大不小的事故，80% 和失温有关，而且白水至少有50% 以上的事故与失温有关，我不得不说，水温是水上皮划艇运动第一杀手，不管是海洋，静水还是白水。

kurtyang04 · 2014-10-31 22:41

提提帖子，目前全国各地皮划艇活动最大的敌人是失温失温，打赌，11，12月出事  95% 的原因是失温失温

kurtyang04 · 2014-11-10 15:51

温兄，不要太介意我提一提你事故的重要性和教育意义，我想所有皮划艇友从这活生生的经历中得到启发和提高安全素质。

就像当年海峡那个贴，批评当事人不是主要目的，从中得到教训，读者检讨自己才是一个皮划艇手该走的路。

想当年，我硬着头皮去无锡团队，还有最近的青岛团队去宣传失温的危险。　这个贴可以救不少人的命，避免不少事故。

kurtyang04 · 2014-11-10 16:30

无独有偶，我昨天读了一个失温案例，失温有这么几个阶段：

１）落水之后的５分钟－１小时，到底是多少时间与水温，　空气温度，落水者的体质，干湿衣的配置有关。
人体温度没有变化，　有比较充分的体力，也能游泳，到底能游多少，与水温，　空气温度，落水者的体质，干湿衣的配置有关，　最短可能就２０　米，也有人能游２公里。这是自救的最佳时间，但时间不长。
２）落水后１０分钟后到一两小时，　体力开始下降，自救能力下降，体温有一定下降，能游的距离减少，爬上船的机会变弱。　这是团队救援的最佳机会，没有团队，凶多吉少。轻度失温症状出现。
３）落水后　一小时到几小时，体力开始严重下降，　体温显著下降，自救能力几乎０，　主要靠团队救援和机动船，　失去知觉，生命处于临界点（死活都可能）。　我读了一个案例，居然有人昏迷后，被冲到岸上，救过来了。
４）落水２－８小时后，生命已无法挽救，落水者处于昏迷，死亡几乎肯定，但没痛苦。

kurtyang04 · 2014-11-10 17:17

北美划艇界有一个不成文定理：

如果事故现场十分钟爬不上船，之后，　90% 是靠不了自己，而是靠团队。　所以落水的前十分钟决定了事故的走向。

温歌查不多十分钟，而这十分钟主要是舀水，所以是属于１０分钟内搞定的情形。

kurtyang04 · 2015-01-12 20:02

冬天是学习皮划艇安全的好时候。

kurtyang04 · 2015-01-12 20:06

Field-Test Your Gear

Why?
Cold water gear is your lifeline if you capsize. Will your gear really keep you warm? How do you know? Wetsuit style, fit, and thickness are critical to your safety. So is the clothing worn under a drysuit. Does your gear work like it’s supposed to? How can you find out?
Should you wear a hood? What kind of gloves work best for you? Say, for example, that you paddle on 50F water. How much time will your gear buy before you become too chilled to function? Does it interfere with a rescue or roll?
Field-testing will answer all of those questions and more. As the name implies, you test and practice with your gear “in the field” at the water temperatures you’ll encounter if you capsize. That’s what expert paddlers do, and it’s the reason they’re intimately familiar with their gear, and all of its strengths and weaknesses.

kurtyang04 · 2015-01-26 22:21

Valuable Things You Can Learn From Field-Testing
Whether new gear is working properly.
Whether you're able to use it effectively.
Whether there are any gear-related challenges, limitations, weaknesses or problems that need to be solved.
How much thermal protection you need at different water temperatures.
Whether or not the system of thermal protection you own is up to the challenge of protecting you or doesn't have a prayer of keeping you warm in the water on which you're going to paddle.

kurtyang04 · 2015-06-10 21:13

第一次发现的非常有用的安全数据， 失温是海洋第一杀手

来自西海岸皮划艇爱好者论坛：
“A drysuit is way, way, way more comfortable (in cold weather) than a dry suit. It also greatly increases the amount of time that you can safely be in the water. I was at a seminar by the Canadian Coast Guard some time ago and was told iirc that a person in 50 degree f water with no immersion protection can survive for about an hour, with a wet suit that time goes up to 6 hours -- a dry suit puts that survival time up to 36 hours (with adequate sub-layer insulation).”

一个人在 10度水温生命只有一个钟头时间，合适潜水衣是6钟头，合适 干衣是36钟头

kurtyang04 · 2015-06-11 15:07

这是关于干衣和湿衣最深入的经验讨论：

http://www.westcoastpaddler.com/community/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=7237&hilit=wetsuit+drysuit

I use wetsuits more often than I do the drysuit. I say "wetsuits", plural, because the thickness and coverage of the wetsuit varies depending on time of year, water temperature, wind exposure, water "activity," sunniness or lack thereof, and similar variables. If you're prone to capsizing even in calm water, a drysuit with good insulation (and a hood and gloves) is your best protection. If not, and if you have a solid roll, you might find that a wetsuit gives you enough clear-headed time that a capsize is just an unpleasant dunk.

A drysuit allows more flexibility in that you can vary layering. It's also nice to be able to remove it at the end of your paddle outing and drive home in the underlayers--changing clothes not required. If the drysuit has a skirt tunnel, it reduces water intrusion (when rolling) compared with a tunnel-less suit or wetsuit. The drysuit's baggy fit allows nearly-unlimited ease of motion. If the drysuit has a relief zipper, peeing is fairly easy (use a FUD if you're a woman).

However, to me, a drysuit feels cumbersome, and it is partly because of that same bagginess. Swimming in a wetsuit (if thick enough) feels much easier than swimming in a drysuit. Most of my paddling is in carting distance from home, so the change-of-clothing thing doesn't matter. For those reasons and the fact that in over a decade of paddling, the only times I've unintentionally flipped were in surf or whitewater, I wear a wetsuit most frequently. Actually, several grades of wetsuit, as described below.

For cold-season use, I wear a 3mm full wetsuit with a 1.5mm neoprene vest underneath, plus hood and gloves. If the paddle is going to be a longer one or in iffier conditions, I wear the drysuit instead (feels nicer when taking a break on land).

For shoulder seasons, I wear the 3mm fullsuit without the vest, or a 2mm Farmer Jane with a 1mm long-sleeved neo shirt underneath. If I think I'm likely to capsize (i.e., surf practice), I'll wear either the drysuit or the 5mm hooded fullsuit.

For the few "hot days" we get here in Port Townsend, I might wear a 2mm shorty if the water is truly calm, fully realizing that the water is still pretty cold even in summer. But that suit doesn't get much use outside of pool practice. Normally, in summer I wear the 2mm Farmer Jane with 1mm neo shirt and either roll or just tolerate sweatiness if it gets hot.

I disagree with the shunning of full wetsuits. Any binding depends a lot on the stretchiness of the neoprene used as well as the fit of that specific suit. Also, using BodyGlide eliminates chafing. Boardsurfer wetsuits often use stretchier neoprene than "kayaking wetsuits." And you should try any wetsuit on before buying it. Precisely because it has to fit snugly to minimize water intrusion, yet still allow adequate range of movement, this is even more important than in sizing a drysuit. I don't like NRS wetsuits for myself, but YMMV. O'Neill's, RipCurl, and Camaro suits have worked well for me...but as I said, a lot depends on the specific model of suit and its cut.

As for cost, it might end up being a wash, IF you buy several types of wetsuits. The combined outlay might total that of a good drysuit, although perhaps not so when you add in the cost of insulating wicking layers for the drysuit, too. No easy answers for you, since you are starting out and not yet living in the cold-water regions.

kurtyang04 · 2015-06-17 18:36

‘大概在1小时后，两人漂流到五公里外的一处养殖区，他们将划艇固定在养殖区的设施上，这才避免再度漂流。惊魂甫定的林佳同岸上的同学通话，称自己的所在位置可以看到山东大学（威海）圆球式建筑。’

其实本来事情不那么严重，才漂了一个钟头，估计是滞留在小石岛附近，没翻，不能算是完全失控。救援的延误以及失温，活活杀死小林。整整14个钟头没有人救， 琼州海峡海警的救援速度快得多。一个死亡事故是很多错误的叠加，只要堵住重要一环（譬如潜水衣），这个事故可以非常容易避免。

kurtyang04 · 2015-06-29 21:21

关于另一种失温， 在暴风雨和露营了如何应付失温。 

我们周六晚遭遇的最大风速是 39M/H， 正是GALE（八级风），有些同学在树林里，我和水瓶两帐篷遭遇最大风速

我现在被子还是湿地，可能我们强迫每人加一个军用GORETEX BIVY（USED才几十块美金）作为以后温带和寒带的跳岛露营探险的必备。

ＢＩＶＹ是第二道防线， 我读过不少故事，对付各种露营面临大风大雨，这次狼来了。不仅仅是海洋，其实多雨低温皮划艇探险，ＢＩＶＹ是有效抗失温的手段

kurtyang04 · 2015-06-29 21:27

海洋风暴蛮多的，比爬山更多 , 因为有时没有选择， 海洋风暴是常态

选择避风露营地是海洋探险一个重要技术

风暴人一般都在岸上

但岸上同样有其他危险

对风暴的认识和对付将会伴随海洋皮划艇爱好者一生

kurtyang04 · 2015-09-15 15:03

黑夜，冷风，一名男子无助地站在礁石上拨打电话求救。而就在不久前，他的同伴已被海水冲走，不知去向……

这惊险如电影情节的一幕，前晚在奉化裘村海域真实上演。为了营救两名被困者，当地警方及村民冒险驾船出海，历经３小时救援，昨天凌晨终于成功救回了两名海钓爱好者。
直至昨天凌晨，两名海钓客才全部被救上岸。

　　礁石上打出求救电话

前晚９点０８分，奉化市公安局１１０指挥中心接警：两名男子在海钓时碰到涨潮，一人已被冲走，生死未卜，另一人被困在礁石上。

接到救援指令，裘村派出所、裘村镇政府、海洋渔业局等单位迅速派出了救援人员。

“报警人是鄞州咸祥过来钓鱼的，对我们这里地名不清楚，具体被困位置始终无法确认。”参与救援的民警袁军向记者介绍说，当时海边完全没有光亮，他们只好兵分几路沿着海岸线进行排摸。救援人员通过微弱的手电筒光线，尽力寻找和被困者描述相吻合的地理特征。

经过反复沟通，救援人员确定了被困人员的大概方位：杨村附近方向。他们和报警人保持联系，让他看到警车警灯，就打灯光和民警联系。

晚上１０点多，在杨村南沙山岛上，救援人员终于发现了被困男子，他站在礁石上，奋力挥舞夜钓灯。
　　热心渔老大深夜出海

据袁军介绍，由于救援船只船体庞大，一时无法进入男子被困的海域，情急之下，应家棚村村长联系了当地熟悉海情的几名渔船老大，希望他们能带船过来帮一把。

“现在１０点多，这一带的风浪太大了，涨潮后水下情况也搞不清，太危险了。”几名渔老大以太危险为由，先后拒绝救援要求。

该村老渔民蒋师傅是个热心人，有着３０多年的海上经验。当接到村长电话时，他只是稍稍问了几句情况，迅速带着船就赶到了海边。

时间已经到了晚上１１点，蒋师傅和派出所民警、村长等４名救援人员，一同划船慢慢向礁石靠近，接到了被困人员。

“当时情况很危险，船体晃得非常厉害，需要牢牢扶住才能勉强保持平衡。”事后，协警吕仕达仍觉得有些后怕。他说好几次都觉得船要被风浪给掀翻了，多亏蒋师傅在，大家在他的指挥下，都稳住了阵脚。

获救的朱先生全身已湿透，几乎已经虚脱。据他说，在报警前，他的同伴已被潮水卷走了，不知去向。

“电话打不通，估计他的手机被冲走了。”朱先生介绍，潮水涨起来时，他的同伴周先生想往高处跑，结果风浪太大，好像一脚踩在湿滑的石头上摔倒，很快就被冲走了。
　　出海前就该了解海况

把朱先生载回岸边后，蒋师傅再次开船往海水更深处搜寻。接近午夜零点，救援人员终于在一座小礁石旁发现了人影，过去一看，正是牢牢抱住礁石的周先生。

“他就露出个脑袋在海面上，脖子以下全淹没在海里，衣服都被冲走了，几乎发不出声音了，人冻得瑟瑟发抖。”袁军说，万幸的是，周先生凭着最后一口气撑到了救援人员的到来。

“我被冲走后，情急之下抱住了一块小礁石，这才没被海浪卷走。”周先生获救后惊魂未定，他说泡在海水里又冷又怕，好几次感到绝望，是岸上闪烁的灯光给了他坚持下去的力量。

据了解，朱先生和周先生都是鄞州人，当天下午３点一同到裘村海钓。由于不熟悉海况，在刚开始涨潮时没有及时离开，导致被困。

作为一项时兴的休闲运动，海钓受到越来越多爱好者的青睐。“在象山、宁海、鄞州、北仑等地，都不乏本地海钓爱好者的身影，有些已经走出国门，到韩国济州岛等地去海钓。”我市一名海钓爱好者张先生介绍说。随之而来的，是越来越多的意外情况发生。

“海钓爱好者遇到的险情主要有迷航、翻船、坠海、船只碰撞和触礁搁浅、被困无人岛或者礁石等。”宁波边防支队指挥中心民警告诉记者。他们提醒，海钓具有一定的风险性，出发前就应该了解掌握海况，一旦发现紧急情况要及时撤离，切勿逗留。同时，不应该在明确标注有“禁止垂钓”等安全警示字样的区域钓鱼。

还好没事，给搜救人员和咬牙坚持下来的两位老兄点个大拇指！
海钓很时尚，预感到危险时候一定要收杆撤离！

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-10 05:27

北脸老板事故也许是历史最知名的皮划艇事故之一。

再次见证失温是安全重点之重点

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-10 16:42

“北面”创始人玩皮划艇意外身亡 一生热爱户外

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-10 21:57

http://www.canoekayak.com/news/everything-we-know-about-doug-tompkins-death/#1tWgM362wTbS1FmS.97

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-10 21:59

image: http://stwww.canoekayak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/CAKP-100700-FCRNS-2-WEB.jpg

Doug Tompkins flashes a smile on the Middle Fork San Joaquin. September 1980. Photo by Reg Lake.
Writing in Alpinist magazine, Stewart Green reports that Tompkins, 72, was paddling with four other experienced kayakers on Lago General Carrera, a large lake straddling the border between Chile and Argentina in southern Patagonia. A source who spoke with C&K said the five friends were “getting together for a relatively easy outing…a five-day trip of about 100 miles.”
The men, all experienced kayakers, were in two tandem kayaks and one single kayak. Tompkins was paddling a double kayak with Rick Ridgeway, an accomplished mountaineer and vice president of the apparel company Patagonia. Patagonia founder Yvon Chouinard was reportedly fishing on shore; according to Alpinist he was not in a kayak as local media had previously reported.
The kayak carrying Tompkins and Ridgeway overturned in high winds and waves about 200 meters from shore. C&K’s source says of the changing weather, “It was hectic and got out of control quickly. [There were] five-foot swells in all directions and wind was ripping paddles out of hands.”
Citing new information from Patagonia, Alpinist reports that Ridgeway and Tompkins held onto the kayak for awhile, but decided to swim to swim toward shore because the wind was pushing them farther into the lake. The men in the other double kayak, Jib Ellison and Lorenzo Alvarez, reached Ridgeway. He held onto the boat and they towed him to shore. He was in the water for about an hour.
Meanwhile Weston Boyles reached Tompkins in a single kayak and attempted to pull him to shore. As Alpinist reports: “Finally a helicopter arrived and towed the pair. Tompkins fought hard in the rough water but was hypothermic and badly bruised and battered by the rocky shoreline. During the rescue effort, Boyles never let go of Tompkins.”
Tompkins was “floating in the frigid 40-degree water for a couple hours.” Tompkins was flown to the Coyhaique Regional Hospital with extreme hypothermia. He died five hours later. Ridgeway and the other paddlers are all reportedly in good condition.
According to El Nuevo Herald, the paddlers had planned a 30-kilometer (18.6-mile) route between the towns of Puerto Sanchez and Puerto Ingeniero Ibáñez.
“The lake’s huge and with the crazy winds down here, especially at this time of year; it can get nasty out there quickly,” says ex-pat Rex Bryngelson, a longtime sea kayak guide who runs a fishing lodge out of nearby Coyhaique.
There’s still a great deal we don’t know about the accident. It’s not yet clear how Tomkins and the others were clothed and equipped. We will continue to update this story as we learn more. This is what we know so far:
image: http://stwww.canoekayak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Screen-Shot-2015-12-09-at-11.32.06-AM.png

Approximate route the paddlers were on when the accident occurred.
Tompkins died at 6:30 p.m. local time on Tuesday, approximately five hours after arriving by helicopter at the Coyhaique regional hospital with a body temperature of 19C (67 degrees fahrenheit). Dr. Carlos Salazar told local media that Tompkins was unconscious and was not breathing when he arrived at the hospital. Doctors raised Tompkins’ core temperature to 22.5C (72.5 fahrenheit) and transferred him to the ICU.
The cause of death was severe hypothermia. Dr. Salazar told local media that survival is “sporadic” when the body temperature is that low.
The other kayakers in the group were American climber and Patagonia vice president of environmental affairs Rick Ridgeway, Bio Bio Expeditions Founder Lorenzo Alvarez, river guide and Project RAFT founder Jib Ellison, and Rios to Rivers founder Weston Boyles. All are experienced paddlers.
Patagonia founder Yvon Chouinard was not part of the kayaking party as previously reported. He was fishing nearby.

image: http://stwww.canoekayak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Screen-Shot-2015-12-09-at-11.08.27-AM.png

The red point marks the location of General Carrera Lake between Puerto Sanchez and Puerto Ingeniero Ibanez.
According to local press reports, the military received the distress call at 10:30 a.m. local time and responded immediately. It is not clear whether the call was made by the kayakers, or how long they had been in the water before rescuers were alerted.
Tompkins was picked up by a helicopter and transported to the hospital, where he was admitted at 1 p.m. Tuesday.
The amount of time between the initial rescue call and Tompkins arrival at the hospital was approximately 2.5 hours. Alpinist report Tompkins was in the water for “a couple hours.”
Citing Chilean military sources, El Nuevo Herald reports the accident was caused by high winds which caused waves of up to 3 meters (9.9 feet) on the lake.
Local officials report that the kayakers launched in weather conditions that were adverse for navigation in small craft, and without informing the port captain of their plans.
When Tompkins arrived at the hospital, he was unconscious and wasn’t breathing, said Dr. Carlos Salazar, speaking to local television stations.
Doctors said Tompkins’s age was a factor in his death.

Read more at http://www.canoekayak.com/news/everything-we-know-about-doug-tompkins-death/#WcAMp24m0176tjfs.99

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-11 20:36

At least he died doing what he loved. That was paramount among a variety of similar sentiments appended to clips and links yesterday as news circulated that Doug Tompkins, founder of The North Face and Esprit and the new century’s most ambitious conservationist, succumbed to severe hypothermia on Dec. 8, following a kayak accident on Lago General Carrera, on the Chilean-Argentine border. He was 72.
At the time of the accident, Tompkins was traveling with a group that included a few of his best friends: Yvon Chouinard, the founder of Patagonia; Rick Ridgeway, a member of the first American team to summit K2, the world’s second-tallest peak; and Lorenzo Alvarez, owner of the adventure travel outfitter, Bio Bio Expeditions. Tompkins and Chouinard first explored the region together 50 years ago. A documentary of their 1968 first ascent of Fitz Roy, Patagonia’s signature mountain, can be seen today as the secret origin myth—or, perhaps, the Zapruder film—of the $289 billion outdoor retailing industry.

Chouinard (left) and Tompkins after a first ascent in Chilean Patagonia, near Valle Chacabuco, on March 6, 2008. After reaching the summit, Tompkins named the peak Cerro Kristine, after his wife.

Photographer: Jeff Johnson

The “Do Boys,” as they sometimes called themselves, reunited regularly for fresh adventures. On this one, which Tompkins had mentioned last fall in an interview to Outside magazine, a sudden storm turned their 30-kilometer paddle into a fight for survival.
Wind drove waves twice a kayaker's height, capsizing their kayaks, and forcing the paddlers to swim in 4 degree Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit) water. A military patrol boat plucked three of the kayakers out. Despite the high winds, a private helicopter pilot managed to complete a rescue of two more boaters and to medevac Tompkins, whose body temperature reportedly dropped to 19 C (66 F). He was flown to a hospital in Coyhaique, about 1,000 miles south of Santiago. Doctors there were unable to revive him.
“Doug was the complete man—original thinker, world-class climber and kayaker, pilot, hugely successful businessman, designer, ecological visionary, and ornery S.O.B.,” his friend Tom Brokaw said. The former NBC News anchor recalls that Tompkins pursued his hobbies and ideas with equal ardor. “We kayaked through the Russian Far East together and climbed a glacier route on Mt Rainier—and through it all, he never stopped lecturing me on deep ecology.”
“I was in awe of him,” Brokaw added.
In Chile, as in Argentina, Tompkins inspired suspicion, resentment, and at last, admiration. In 1991, he began buying up large tracts of land in a Chilean rainforest with the fortune he amassed at Esprit, the iconic 1980s women’s wear brand he built with his first wife, Susie Tompkins Buell. Done, he later said, “making clothes and countless things no one needs,” he left the company mid-career and used his retail profits to purchase a farm, along with 756,000 acres, with the stated goal of creating his own nature reserve. He dubbed it Park Pumalin, after the region’s most charismatic megafauna.
Few Chileans believed a word of it. By the end of the '90s, Chile’s then-president accused Tompkins and his second wife, Kristine (Kris), who had joined him there, of evicting tenant ranchers and denying them work. From there the accusations got only more fanciful: They were stealth Zionists come to form a new state. They were working with the CIA. Their real plan was to steal Chile’s water and ship it to Africa. Any of these struck many Chileans as more probable than someone buying up land to take it out of production, return it to a natural state, and give it to the government for free.

Kris and Doug Tompkins on the grounds of the Butler House in Patagonia Park.

Photographer: Pablo Cabado for Bloomberg Businessweek

Today, Pumalin Park is well-visited by Chileans, not merely by foreign tourists and journalists fascinated by Tompkin’s expat adventure—although there have been plenty of those, too, including author William Langewiesche, who cast Tompkins as a Fitzcarraldo obsessive in an unflattering profile for the Atlantic.
Official Chile eventually came around, with the military contributing substantial tracts (and even forfeiting its requested artillery range) to endow Corcovado National Park, noted for its lakes and two volcanoes. In 2014, Chilean President Sebastián Piñera designated Yendegaia National Park, in Tierra del Fuego, a joint venture among Chilean conservationists, the government, and a Tompkins foundation. In all, the Tompkins have conserved nearly 2.2 million acres across the Patagonia region and won national park status for three parks that didn’t exist before they got involved.
“National Parks are the gold standard for conservation,” Tompkins said. “So our plan is to create the park, get them ready, and then turn them over ready to operate.”
Parks, however, reflect neither the full range of Tompkins interests nor his success as a retailer, book publisher, activist, and architect. Like David Brower, longtime head of the Sierra Club, Tompkins became expert at hiring photographers and creating gorgeous coffee table books about the places he loved. He designed the lodging, dining areas, and grounds in each of his park headquarters. He evaluated techniques for restoring overgrazed fields. He led successful campaigns to defeat hydroelectric dams proposed for Patagonian rivers thousands of miles from the cities needing electricity.
Establishing parks also doesn’t immediately suggest his commitment to Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess and his concept, first articulated in 1973, of "deep ecology." Naess holds that humans are only part of the web of life and not of singular importance; people have no right to diminish biological diversity.
Tompkins could be charming but also infuriating. Asked, for example, to appreciate why others might place unrelated political issues ahead of protecting the environment, Tompkins was unequivocal. “I’m a social justice supporter, but there is no social justice on a dead planet,” he said. “If you want to destroy the planet, you can kiss social justice goodbye. The earth comes first.”
Born in 1943, in Ohio, Douglas Rainsford Tompkins grew up in Millbrook, N.Y., and began climbing in the Shawangunk Mountains in junior high school. He dropped out of prep school (Connecticut’s Pomfret School) and never went to college. He met his first wife while hitchhiking; even after they started a family and went into business together, they kept traveling, tossing their kids in the back of two-seat prop plane and flying off into the back country.
With a $5,000 loan, he and a friend founded The North Face in 1966, selling sleeping bags, camping gear, and clothes from a shop on the same block of Broadway, in San Francisco, as The Condor, Carol Doda’s famous topless bar. The Condor and The North Face even shared a basement. Tompkins sold his shares well before it became a global brand (some reports say for as little as $10,000), but he went on to make his real fortune with Esprit. In the late 1980s, Esprit reached $1 billion in sales, although, contrary to rumor, Tompkins himself was not a billionaire.
Tompkins is survived by his daughters, Quincey Tompkins Imhoff and Summer Tompkins Walker; his brother, John; his mother, Faith; and his wife, Kris, who traveled to the hospital in Coyhaique.
When he and Chouinard and the merry band of climbers set off for Patagonia in 1968, they wanted to make a movie that would do for climbing what Endless Summer had achieved for surfing. The movie wasn't nearly as inviting as Endless Summer. Still, legend has it that while they waited out bad weather in an ice cave for 15 straight days, the two hatched plans for their respective companies. They completed their first ascent of Fitz Roy, and it fell to Tompkins to provide an account for the American Alpine Journal. In it, he recalled the elation of coming down out of the high-altitude frost and into austral summer below.
“It was Christmas day and what were we doing? Carrying 100-pound packs!” he wrote. “We looked back at ‘Old Fitz’, as we now called it, being on familiar and equal terms. We looked back, not as artists for we weren’t artists, just five tired California Fun Hogs finishing up the trip of trips, licking the dish with a smile from ear to ear, and mustaches full of ice cream saying one to the other—‘I believe we’ve done it. I believe we’ve done it.’”

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-11 20:40

向环保斗士和 地球上最杰出的户外爱好者和自然保护主义者，汤老致最后敬礼。

他的精神永远和我们同在！

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-16 15:05

Insiders Recount Efforts to Save North Face Founder
Gale force winds and a broken rudder forced kayakers to swim for their lives in frigid Chilean lake.

Doug Tompkins, who was killed last Tuesday, was an accomplished pilot, mountain climber, kayaker, skier, and organic farmer.

Photograph by James Q Martin 

By Mark Synnott, National Geographic
PUBLISHED December 13, 2015

This article was updated December 15th.

Five days after a kayaking accident claimed the life of Doug Tompkins—devoted conservationist and founder of the iconic outdoor equipment company The North Face—a fuller picture of the incident on General Carrera Lake in southern Chile is emerging. The members of his team and rescuers have provided new details about the events that led to Tompkins’ death.
Tompkins, 72, had been traveling with two of his closest friends: Yvon Chouinard, 77, founder of outdoor clothing maker Patagonia, and Rick Ridgeway, 66, a noted climber, filmmaker, writer, and Patagonia’s vice president of environmental initiatives. Though the three men, all pioneering figures in the outdoor industry, maintained extremely busy schedules, they always made a point of getting together for regular adventures in the landscapes that inspired them.

We realized we had 30 minutes, perhaps a little more, to survive.

Rick Ridgeway

The trio was joined by three other friends: Jib Ellison, founder of Blu Skye, a San Francisco-based consulting firm and a veteran river guide; Weston Boyles, a filmmaker and environmentalist from Colorado; and Laurence Alvarez-Roos, owner of Bio Bio Expeditions, a world-class kayaker and raft guide who was the captain of the US Men’s whitewater rafting team from 1993 to 1999.
The group had planned to kayak a 50-mile segment of General Carrera Lake (also called Lake Buenos Aires) from Puerto Sanchez to Puerto Ibanez, a five-day trip which would include exploratory hikes in some of the side valleys on the lake’s northern shore. General Carrera Lake, which straddles the border between Chile and Argentina, is 90 miles long and 714 square miles in area, making it the largest lake in Chile and the fourth-largest in Argentina. The lake is surrounded by the Andes Mountains and is famous for the unique cathedral-like marble rock formations that rise from its turquoise blue waters.
On Saturday December 5th , Philippe Reuter, the owner of the Terra Luna Lodge in Puerto Guadal, Chile, transported the six men and their gear to Puerto Sanchez, where they began their journey. Three days later, after paddling approximately half their route along the lake’s northern shore, the group broke camp and pushed off on a sunny day with barely any wind.

Long after he made a fortune in retailing, Tompkins, a lifelong mountain climber, continued to make first ascents, including Cerro Barros Arana in Patagonia in January 1998.

Photograph by Galen Rowell, Mountain Light, Alamy

Tompkins and Ridgeway shared a two-person sea kayak, as did Ellison and Chouinard. [Editor’s note: sea kayaks are longer, wider and more stable than river kayaks and generally have rudders operated with internal foot pedals.] Alvarez-Roos and Boyles rode in single kayaks.
Having lived in southern Chile for a quarter century, Tompkins knew that Patagonia routinely experiences some of the harshest and most unpredictable weather on the planet. Cape Horn, where the Atlantic and Pacific oceans collide in a maelstrom of raging currents, giant waves, and ferocious storms, lies just 600 miles to the south of General Lake Carrera. Located at 46 degrees south, the lake sits directly in the path of the “Roaring Forties”, a belt of westerly winds strengthened by the confluence of warm air from the equator and massive low pressure systems that lie just above Antarctica. Southern Chile is the first landmass the Roaring Forties hits after racing unimpeded across thousands of miles of the Southern Pacific Ocean.   
The Gulf of Penas lies more or less due west of General Carrera Lake. This large bay forms a huge funnel that catches and amplifies these winds as they blow into Chile’s west coast. Once they reach land, the winds rise and cool over the snow-capped Andes Mountains and then descend toward the lake, where at ground level wind bursts routinely reach gale force.

I was starting to drown. For a few minutes I gave in—just let it go—but then snapped back.

Rick Ridgeway

The men were paddling around a peninsula near the lake’s midsection around 10:30 am when the wind kicked up suddenly. “The lake is so big that it acts like an ocean,” said Reuter, who estimated that the wind was gusting as high as 50 miles per hour. “In 10 minutes, the lake can change from glass to hell,” he said. Under these violent winds, the waves built quickly, and within minutes the kayakers found themselves battling closely set, six-foot-high waves.
Douglas Tompkins Kayak Accident
The kayak accident took place roughly halfway into the journey along the north coast of General Carrera Lake in Chile.

Charles Preppernau, NG STAFF
SOURCE: Kelley McMillan, Mark Synnott

The men fought to make their way to shore, a few hundred yards away, but the northern coastline of the lake is rockbound with cliffs dropping straight to the water’s edge, offering few places to land a boat. Chouinard, Boyles, Ellison, and Alvarez-Roos managed to get around the peninsula into the lee of the wind. But the rudder on the kayak containing Tompkins and Ridgeway malfunctioned, and the men fell behind, struggling to maneuver their craft. Unable to steer, they were hit broadside by the huge waves and capsized approximately 600 feet from shore.
“As the current and wind pushed us toward the center of the lake, (Doug and I) had no way to know whether our companions in the other boats, who were ahead of us and out-of-sight, knew of our predicament,” Ridgeway wrote in an email. “We realized we had 30 minutes, perhaps a little more, to survive.” The pair tried four times to right their craft, but soon realized it was impossible in the huge waves. They had to make a difficult decision: stay with the boat, which was quickly being blown into the middle of the lake, or abandon their vessel and try to swim for shore in the 38-degree water. They chose the latter.
“It was tough,” writes Ridgeway, “and I realized against the current it was likely impossible to reach the point…I was slowing and even with a life jacket, I was pushed under by the larger waves. I could see Doug and assumed he was in the same situation. In addition to the hypothermia, I was starting to drown. For a few minutes I gave in—just let it go—but then snapped back.”
Meanwhile, the other four men, who had safely landed on a small beach, realized that their friends were in trouble. Ellison had a satellite phone, which he used to call Tompkins’ private pilot at 10:43 am, who relayed the information to Reuter. The Terra Luna Lodge has a private helicopter on site, and within minutes Reuter and the pilot were en route carrying a mountaineering rope, a harness, and a floating life ring.

Tompkins was kayaking with five friends on Chile’s General Carrera Lake, well known for its unpredictable weather.

Photograph by Nigel Hicks, National Geographic Creative

Boyles set off in a single kayak and reached Tompkins shortly before Alvarez-Roos and Ellison reached Ridgeway in their double kayak. Ridgeway and Boyles, both still conscious, grabbed rope loops attached to the sterns of the respective kayaks and hung on for dear life as their friends furiously paddled against the wind and waves toward shore.
“Doug was conscious with me for at least 20 to 30 mins fighting towards shore kicking etc, and I was paddling as hard as I could,” Boyles wrote in an email. “Because I was in a single kayak I was not able to overcome the power of the wind and current in the same way that Lorenzo and Jib were able to in the double.”
Eventually Tompkins lost the strength to hold on and Boyles lost his paddle while trying to hold onto his friend. “Doug then passed out and I held his head out of the water with my left arm and paddled with my right for hope it would help in some way to get us to shore eventually,” writes Boyles.
Now unable to steer and leaning over the side holding Tompkins, the kayak turned perpendicular to the waves, and Boyles came very close to capsizing a number of times. “My spray deck (the neoprene skirt that seals water out around the kayak seat) came open a few times in the process of trying to hold Doug out of the water. I managed to get (it) closed each time before filling with too much water,” writes Boyles. “By some miracle I did not flip.”

More on Doug Tompkins

How The North Face Founder Went From High School Dropout to Millionaire Conservationist
Friends Remember the Passionate Life of Doug Tompkins

Approximately 50-60 minutes after Boyles first reached Tompkins, the helicopter arrived on the tiny beach where Ellison and Alvarez-Roos had managed to land with Ridgeway. They signaled to the pilot that two people were still in the water and the helicopter quickly located Boyles, who was adrift and floating towards the middle of the lake. By this time Tompkins was fully unconscious and had been in the water for approximately an hour. “(Boyles) was holding him by his clothes, and I could see his skin. It was clear he had no neoprene diving suit,” said Reuter.
River and sea kayakers often wear wet or dry suits, which help preserve body temperature in the event they capsize in cold water. Canoe and Kayak Magazine reported that in a photo taken at the beginning of the trip, Tompkins is pictured wearing a Patagonia dry top. Since Boyles was reportedly holding Tompkins by his clothes, it’s possible that the garment was pulled up around his neck, exposing his skin to the cold water. It is unclear what type of clothing the other men were wearing or what Tompkins was wearing on his legs. What is known is that Tompkins was a very experienced kayaker, as were all the members of the group. Tompkins’ résumé includes first descents of 21 different rivers in Chile, and several of the other men had similar credentials.
The helicopter was not equipped with a winch, so Reuter threw a rope to Boyles, who was able to clip it to a strap on the deck of his kayak. The helicopter slowly dragged the kayak towards shore while Boyles struggled to keep Tompkins’ from drowning. After less than five minutes of being dragged, the kayak flipped. Reuter lowered a life ring to Boyle who put his arms through it and held Tompkins to his chest while the helicopter dragged him back first towards the rocky shore.
“(Boyles gave) a superhuman effort, placing his own life in jeopardy,” Ridgeway wrote.
The helicopter couldn’t land, but it was able to hover just above the ground, allowing Reuter to jump out and help Boyles, who was now hypothermic himself, to drag Tompkins ashore. All together Tompkins was in the water for nearly two hours. They put a harness on Tompkins and used the rope to lift him about 150 feet to a better spot, where they left him briefly to go drop off Boyles and pick up Alvarez-Roos and Ellison. The helicopter then returned to hover over the small beach, and the three men hauled Tompkins aboard and flew straight to Coyhaique Hospital, approximately 75 miles to the north.
Tompkins arrived at the hospital at approximately 1:30 pm, where his core body temperature was measured at 66 degrees Fahrenheit, 32 degrees below normal. Doctors managed to raise his temperature about five degrees but couldn’t improve his condition. He died at 6:30 pm that evening.
Ridgeway and Boyles huddled together in a sleeping bag on the beach until a Chilean military patrol arrived and transported the pair, along with Chouinard, to the port of Chile Chico on the lake’s south shore. None of three were seriously injured.
On Friday, December 11th, at the headquarters of Tompkins Conservation in the Chilean town of Puerto Varas, some 550 miles north of the accident site, dozens of friends and relatives gathered for a service to remember Doug Tompkins. In fluent Spanish his wife Kris spoke of her love for Doug, of their mutual commitment to protecting the Patagonian wilderness, and their intention to donate the land they have acquired over the last two and half decades—more than two million acres—to the Chilean and Argentinian people.
On Saturday, Tompkins’ body was loaded into a small private plane and flown south to Patagonia Park. As the plane neared Cerro San Valentin, the highest peak in Patagonia, the clouds broke and the pilot circled the snow-capped summit. Tompkins, himself a long-time pilot, had made this same flight countless times over the last 25 years.
“It was a spectacular last flight for Doug,” Ridgeway wrote.
That afternoon, Tompkins was laid to rest in a casket handmade of local Alerce wood, in the park’s cemetery.

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-16 15:58

From the article -- addressing the crucial questions about how Tompkins was dressed (in 38 degreee water)...

“(Boyles) was holding him by his clothes, and I could see his skin. It was clear he had no neoprene diving suit,” said Reuter.

River and sea kayakers often wear neoprene
or dry suits, which help preserve body temperature in the event they
capsize in cold water. Canoe and Kayak Magazine
reported that in a photo taken at the beginning of the trip, Tompkins
is pictured wearing a Patagonia dry top. Since Boyles was reportedly
holding Tompkins by his clothes, it’s possible that the garment was
pulled up around his neck, exposing his skin to the cold water. It is
unclear what type of clothing the other men were wearing or what
Tompkins was wearing on his legs. What is known is that Tompkins was a
very experienced kayaker, as were all the members of the group.

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-16 16:45

"Real shame that a group this experienced seemingly didn't dress or prepare for the water. No excuse."

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-18 17:12

http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4ODgxNzQ2MQ==&mid=400824984&idx=2&sn=fa53f26b9a997d56c99d57598ea0e923&scene=2&srcid=1218oFcG6rHy0uMY3EOgIAcU&from=timeline&isappinstalled=0&uin=MTI4MjMwNzE2NA%3D%3D&key=ac89cba618d2d9767e125b8b2d9524ae1c6e37cb0fa1b2a0cd5ae5d296fb91ab8d188f9abc6a4c3f05422e840de6f5b7&devicetype=webwx&version=70000001&lang=zh_CN&pass_ticket=vTQTwGn7L%2FHjIklcI6ojHkhn3h4setRSSRwuozpSpMgHU7CPyo7ALQc%2BnVc3LzHU

魂归巴塔哥尼亚
2015-12-18 瑞克·里奇韦 攀登帝国和探险王朝

几天前，我们在智利瓦拉斯港镇的汤普金森基金会(Tompkins Conservation)为Doug举办了一场追思会，整个城镇，甚至整个阿根廷上上下下所有人几乎都到场了。Doug的妻子Kris首先致开场词，以西班牙文表达自己对Doug无垠的爱，以及他们俩人对野生动物的挚爱、对于环境保护与野生动物之间最深沉的承诺，当然还有他们不遗余力奉献给生态保育，并且捐赠智利和阿根廷共两百万英亩土地，以及人类种族间的爱。 他几尽全部的人生，都耕耘在这块土地上。即使是村庄里的稚儿，都知道这位笑口常开的爷爷。当许多人询问他，为什么要耗费所有的心力与财富，只为了这块未曾开发的山林。Tompkins告诉那些人：相信有许多人知道，越来越多生物与生态在地球消失且灭绝。因此，我们必须挽起袖子起而行动，这别无选择，否则终有一天我们只能与挚爱的星球说再见。 认真演讲的Kris十分具有威严与气力，是我们从未见过的样貌，她将自己满满的能量都灌注在每一字句之间；Kris每一次停顿、深呼吸，都将耗尽的力量重新注满，每一句都比先前来的更加沉稳与深刻。
 隔天我们和Doug的遗体一同搭乘私人飞机往南，到了科克伦附近的巴塔哥尼亚国家公园。此时云层逐渐散开，映入眼帘的是巴塔哥尼亚最高的山──圣瓦伦丁山(Cerro San Valentin)峰顶，就这样突破云层而出。Kris移动到座舱，而我们的挚友兼机师Rodrigo近距离地环山一圈，以此美景谨致Doug的最后一程。
巴塔哥尼亚国家公园原是畜养绵羊的大牧场，我们将Doug葬于园区内大楼与一些基础建设的位置，作为他的墓园。Doug的棺木以柏木为原料，由几位员工彻夜赶工而成，简单大方而无可挑剔。成打的工作人员与亲朋好友，轮流将Doug的棺木从他生前最爱的飞机Husky一路移到美丽的餐厅前，再继续沿着泥路穿过小屋到达墓地。
Kris再一次表现了她的气概，并由衷给了Doug和齐聚的智利团队最高致意。Doug下葬后，Kris郑重地献上鲜花；而后，我们一个接一个朝Doug的坟墓撒上一手尘土。 这场旅程从智利巴塔哥尼亚开始，为期四天都沿着遥远的Lago General Carrerra划船。我们一行共六人、两艘单人皮艇、两艘双人皮艇。我们六人的冒险资历加起来已超过百年，但我和Doug共乘的双人皮艇上的舵显然有问题。划船到了第三天，侧风渐起，使得旅途变得十分困难，再加上不甚灵光的舵，我和Doug的皮艇还是屡经意外、无可避免地翻覆了。
我们立刻意识到事态严重，当风浪将我们推往湖心时，其他艘皮艇都远在视线范围以外的地方，我们完全不知道同伴们是否知悉舟只翻覆的困境。此时我们理解自己只有约三十分钟可以生存，而水温大概是摄氏3到4度左右的低温。尽管我们想把皮艇导回正途，一再尝试却也一再失败，强大的风雨使得皮艇难以维持平衡，更别提船艇内淹满了水；最后决定尝试试着游泳离开，放弃留守翻覆的皮艇。那艘皮艇逐渐被推往湖水中间，所以留下来只是使自己陷入更难逃脱的困境。
 决定弃船的当下才意识到这有多么困难，我们得逆向对抗水流，也得对抗时间，而感觉象是永远不可能游出这道迷宫。我不但游得慢，即使穿了救生衣仍被大浪推着走；这时还看得见Doug，我猜他的情况和我相同 ── 体温低靡且水淹过顶。有几分钟我萌生放弃的念头，但还是将自己拉了回来；转瞬间看见同伴逆着约40节甚至超过50节的阵风（当天稍晚向气象局取得的确切数据），朝这儿划了过来将要拯救我们。
我们的同伴Jib Ellison与Lorenzo Alvarez将我捞上了双人艇，但他们逆风划向漩涡后的支点时，我只能挂在皮艇上，身体仍然处于水中。在浪与风的交织吹打下，完全没有任何施力点能让我坐上船，我必须抓得更紧──尽管觉得疲惫已经到极限了，这一切感觉永无尽头。我将注意力放在手上，奋力地抓着直到发现自己已然到了岩石上头。接着我失去意识，醒来时的记忆就是躺在火堆前面。 我的挚友Doug就没那么幸运了。我们另外一位同伴Weston Boyles（本来与Yvon Chouinard一同划艇，为了救Doug而只身返回）尽了全力要将Doug带到安全的地方，但却又敌不过强大的风雨浪潮。Doug拚尽了全力撑了半小时，但最后仍然失去意识。Weston奋力抵达水岸的路程上，冒着生命危险也要让Doug的头部保持在水面上。但最后着陆时，Doug已经失温，他离开我们了。
接下来的几天简直度日如年，活下来变成我们互相激励彼此的语言。确切来说，Douglas Rainsford Tompkins的存在感比以前还要强烈，而我们之间的力量也较以往更加强大了。他已将我们推向前方、提醒我们“没有任何细节是不重要的”、激励我们“承诺并且解决问题”、使我们了解首要的承诺就是美丽，因为爱会随着美丽来到，而唯有爱能让我们接近他坚不可摧的信念──对于美丽的信念、对于野生的信念。
随着手中最后一把尘土撒上Doug的坟墓，有位当地的美丽中年女子上前瞻仰，她站上围绕棺木的石墙，举起手直指向天，大声高喊着“Patagonia Sin Represas（巴塔哥尼亚无水坝）！”接着所有群众随之热血以相同方式回应：巴塔哥尼亚无水坝！直到生命的最终，这位环保主义者仍与政界人士对抗恐导致自然破坏的水坝建设工程。
他所点起的火炬仍然亮着，而火光依旧炽烈地燃烧。2017年，储备许久、面积达20万英亩的巴塔哥尼亚自然保护公园，将欢迎世界各地对大地有爱的人们到来。但可惜的是，我们将不再能看见他的笑容。

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-18 19:56

分析北脸事故，其实那几个漂流老板都是不太及格的海洋舟领队，并不太理解海洋出事机理。2012的阿拉斯加漂流我进入高级漂流领队行列，与这个事故时间上有两年距离，2013年我们发生了一起也是唯一一起海洋恶性事故，这次事故对我影响非常大，也是从漂流领队转变为海洋领队一个不可缺的事故，只有经过这个事故，我才理解海洋事故和漂流事故的本质区别。北脸事故没有一个合格的海洋高级领队带队就是核心错误，最大错误。一个高级海洋领队必须强迫这种活动进行失温保护，但没有人出来担当，这也是一个LEADERSHIP 经典的失误，必须有个强领队来规定安全的法则。<br>

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-18 20:09

中国皮划艇俱乐部负责人，要求自己的教练和领队，在安全理解事故机理，在一些不大不小的真正事故上锻炼成长，书本和一些救援技术远远不够，也别太本末倒置，对安全的全面控制预防才是首要议题。我之所以能到今天地步，50条探白水河，50首次海洋路线，总数700人以上（不是人次），与不同的水和海，不同的朋友的教导，几十次中小事故和之后思考，才有今天的底气和能力。

kurtyang04 · 2015-12-18 20:29

皮划艇的实力不在乎能闯几级白水，横渡哪个海峡，更多是对危险的判断， 自救能力，还有团队救援能力， 最后避免大事故发生的能力。这是我经典的话。

kurtyang04 · 2016-03-15 19:24

LANCASTER - An 18-year-old sportsman died in an apparent drowning early Sunday morning when the canoe in which he was fishing with his uncle capsized on Fort Pond, police said.

A dive team recovered the body of Michael Thao, of 15 Sargent Ave., Leominster, from the water at 7:17 a.m., fire officials said. Neither the victim nor the uncle was wearing a life vest, police said.

Lancaster Police Detective Patrick Mortimer reported the death as a drowning. Local and state police investigators determined it to be accidental, according to a Lancaster police press release.

"It was very dark and the water was extremely cold," Detective Mortimer said.

Police said they were called at 5:08 a.m. to a home on Perry Road where a break-in had been reported in progress. They encountered a man who said he had broken in to use the phone to call 911.

The man, Mitchell Thao, 24, also of Leominster, told police he had been fishing with his nephew when the canoe capsized, and that he had swum to shore to call for help for his nephew, who was missing in the water.

A spokesman for the Worcester district attorney's office said Sunday night the state medical examiner's office accepted the case and will conduct further analysis to determine the cause and manner of death of Mr. Thao. The incident has been labeled an unattended death, according to spokesman Timothy J. Connolly.

The Lancaster Fire Department arrived at 5:20 a.m. at the pond just off Perry Road. Fire crews launched a boat to search the area of the pond where the canoe tipped, with a second boat from the Devens Fire Department. A regional dive team was also summoned.

The search boats located Mr. Thao's body at 6:15 a.m., and divers removed the body from the water an hour later, according to fire officials.

Dozens of cars lined Sargent Avenue in Leominster later Sunday evening as family and friends arrived to console the Thao household and to offer their condolences. Family members standing outside the home said they were too upset to comment. Some friends took to social media throughout the day to offer their condolences to the young man's family.

Michael Thao's Facebook page showed he had posted several profile photos of himself holding fish he had caught over the years.

kurtyang04 · 2016-05-29 12:44

本周三天经历了水温10度20度，空气15-25，1-2级到4-5级风的，非公开到公开海巨型震荡，最考验领队最关键决策非穿什么衣服保温莫属！

一句话说干衣解决失温问题就是皮划艇领队没有毕业的学生而已

还有天晴到下雨，大海的难度在于应变各种变化

kurtyang04 · 2016-05-29 12:50

温带海洋领队最重要的决定是失温保护决定。10年了，还在这方面继续学习
不仅仅是安全，队员的接受能力和舒适度是决定里重要因素

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-03 00:05

7年前我们附近的事故（也是我听说的不多海洋舟事故）。他的个性与国内新疆出大事的大侠类似

Wood, 59, of Contoocook, was last seen on Feb. 28 when he embarked on a day kayaking trip from Odiorne State Park in Rye to the Isles of Shoals. Wood reportedly contacted his wife and the Coast Guard before he paddled back from the Isles of Shoals.

Coast Guard crews earlier had come into contact with Wood, at roughly 1:30 p.m. that day when a concerned resident reported he could be in trouble.

Coast Guard Station Portsmouth Harbor Petty Officer Matthew Merical said a crew responded, but made contact with Wood and determined he wasn't in distress and had nearly reached the Isles of Shoals and was planning to have lunch and make his return.

Merical said Wood was to contact the Coast Guard when he was leaving Smuttynose Island and when he reached shore at Odiorne, but they never heard from him and launched a search at roughly 6 p.m. on Friday. It was ongoing until Sunday morning and covered 400 square miles.

二月水温小于4度，要横渡8公里的跳岛。刚出发，就被岸上人报警，海警在下午1:30找到了他，居然已经上岛，他说他没事。然后吃完中饭他返航，就那么失踪了，过了二三天遗体发现。多少征兆多少逃命机会，就错过了。 这是风险系数死亡率超过60%的冒险

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-06 21:36

中国（包括台湾地区）有史以来最严重的海洋皮划艇事故，Jed， 99% 最后死于失温，多快失温，这期间除了翻船还发生什么，我们不知道：

看此帖： 台湾皮划艇精彩和信息汇总 --- 纪念JED LIN 中国或台湾地区海洋皮划艇死亡事故（报告）

1 2

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 20:39

"kurt2: MOUNT DESERT ISLAND — The Coast Guard says two kayakers are dead and a
third is being treated for hypothermia after a capsize incident in
waters west of Mount Desert Island.

The Coast Guard received a report from a woman at around 6:30 p.m.
Wednesday saying her husband and two others went kayaking and did not
return at their planned time of 4:30 p.m.

At about 8 p.m., one of the searchers found a kayaker clinging to an
overturned kayak around 8 p.m. Authorities say she was hypothermic and
unable to speak. She was taken to Eastern Maine Medical Center. Her
condition wasn’t immediately known.

A second kayaker was found unresponsive about 30 minutes later. He
was taken to Prospect Harbor and pronounced dead. The third was later
found unresponsive and declared dead.

The Coast Guard, Maine Marine Patrol, and several volunteers took part in the search.
"
—————————
"kurt2: 我们最近这连死四人，也是这几年最密集时候"
—————————
"kurt2: 都是我们美国东北区域的， 都是失温而死，反复告诉大家失温是多么恐怖和被人瞧不起的安全准备，不是说一定发生在每个时候，在特定时间和季节每个地方都会出事，有海南同学说西沙也有机会失温， 一概否定
失温在皮划艇届就是犯罪"
—————————
"kurt2: 包括我们美国东北这么容易出事的地方，我跟一些老队员打了8年的失温战争，他们轻视失温一次一次逼得我发脾气，一次又一次像小孩训斥，只到去年情况才好转。轻视失温就是中国皮划艇爱好者最大敌人（皮划艇顾客主要是不穿救生衣是头号事故原因）"
—————————

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 21:16

我们下周要去的地方上个月渔民翻船又失温死２，这是在美国，一个非常重视安全和人命的国家，连死那么多之有一个启示，海洋失温的危险远远比人想象严重

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 21:26

一个月死六位，都是我们熟悉的水域，加上不知道的消息，可能这个数在北美翻倍。海洋９０％最后都死于失温，不争的事实。

不管横渡再牛，没有失温准备的横渡，有本事在横渡给大家试一试如果上不了船，能活多久，当然离岸近的海洋活动和南方的夏天海洋，总体压力很小，但判断什么时候危险，空气高１５度以上如何过热下做失温准备，比作个翻滚难度大多了，　更容易出问题。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 21:45

其实我有时也会让全队准备不够， 没有人能做到失温判断百分之百准确， 尤其是空气很热时，穿太多也是安全另一个问题。可是过去一些年，一些老队员还要浪费我时间去监督他们，可想而知，他们没有能力来纠正我决定的错误，这也是海洋安全一个漏斗，失温看上去简单，但是之复杂，和人的素养，天气，心里息息相关， 是海洋安全里最难完美解决的问题。问题是动态，变化地。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 21:52

ANCHORAGE, Alaska –  Authorities say a boat that capsized in Alaska's Glacier Bay National Park has claimed the lives of a father and son.
Four others on the 21-foot aluminum boat were rescued Monday. They include one person who suffered severe hypothermia and was flown to a hospital in Juneau.
Park official Tom VandenBerg identified the men who died as Larry Roger McWilliams, 75, and Gary Roger McWilliams, 48. He says the elder McWilliams carried an Oregon driver's license, and the younger man was from California. Their hometowns were not immediately available.
The cause of the capsizing was a mystery. The weather was clear and calm in the area where the boat was fishing.

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 21:58

注意最后这个词，当时无风无浪时翻船，人不是神，再牛的人，也有千分之几概率在意想不到的地方翻船，要是不是好地方，没有失温准备，就是一条命，上帝不歧视是否是大侠，失温后果谁都无力挽救。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 22:11

"kurt2: The weekend that NSPN cancelled its CAM session due to high
winds! Recreational kayaking is becoming more popular each year. I know a
lot of folks among my customers who claim to be kayakers but it becomes
obvious when talking to them that basic understanding of safety on the
ocean is lacking. One can only try to spread the word through the type
of educational events NSPN offers but it may not be enough. On the other
hand, these accidents are probably not epidemic enough yet for the
Coast Guard to launch an official campaign. Very sad.
"
—————————
"kurt2: Summary: 2 men, woman and an 8-year old girl launched at dusk near
the mouth of the Connecticut river. The ripping W/NW wind and tidal
currents pushed them offshore and across LI Sound. After a night on the
water the woman and the girl survived and washed up on an LI beach, but
the men did not survive. (One tried and failed to swim to shore, the
other remained in the cold water to make room for the girl to stay in
one of the boats.) All had PFDs; not clear what else they had in the way
of safety gear or clothing.
"
—————————

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-23 22:17

One tried and failed to swim to shore, the
other remained in the cold water to make room for the girl to stay in
one of the boats　是从河口的潮汐浪＋风被冲走的（他们没有什么横渡计划，就是在河口玩玩而已），结果一个游不回来，一个为了女孩也牺牲了自己，他们都是消遣艇（与浆板有很多交集），我想这里有很多安全警示。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-24 20:45

A licensed Maine kayaking guide and one of his two clients died Wednesday during an ocean excursion off the coast of a Down East fishing village that turned deadly when the paddlers were caught in a squall.
The kayaking guide had been leading tours for 14 years, and had a waterproof marine radio with him when he capsized, but apparently wasn’t able to use it, his wife said. Cheryl Brackett said her husband, Ed Brackett, 63, was an experienced guide and had rescued several people from the water before.

Source: U.S. Coast Guard / Great Lakes

Hypothermia kills: These tips can save your life
Every minute counts in cold water.

Search photos available for purchase: Photo Store →
But the tour he was leading off Corea Harbor was hit by a powerful squall that spawned 5-foot waves Wednesday afternoon, sending him and his two clients into the 52 degree water, she said. Corea Harbor is located south of Gouldsboro near the mouth of Gouldsboro Bay, and is about 10 miles east of Mount Desert Island.
Each kayaker was paddling a single-seat kayak with a rudder and spray skirt that seals around the paddler and the boat’s cockpit. They were wearing life jackets and dressed in shorts and T-shirts, the Coast Guard said.
“It was just a beautiful day, and then the squall hit, and then it was a beautiful day again,” said Cheryl Brackett, also 63. “I figured they holed up somewhere and were going to paddle back.”
Also killed in the incident was Michael Popper, 54, of Plainfield, New Jersey. His wife, Jennifer Popper, 48, was rescued by a local lobsterman, Bruce Crawley, according to Michael Hunt, a lobsterman and the assistant harbor master in Gouldsboro.
Hunt, who also helped with the search effort, said Popper had a core body temperature of 82 degrees.
“She didn’t have many minutes left,” Hunt, 41, said by phone Thursday night. “Bruce definitely saved her life.”
As of 9 p.m. Thursday, Popper’s condition had been upgraded from critical to good, according to Donna Stanely-Kelley, a nursing supervisor at Eastern Maine Medical Center. Stanley-Kelley then read a written statement on Popper’s behalf.
“I appreciate the good wishes, prayers and thoughts of the community and feel I am in good hands with my team of caregivers. While I have no other information to share at this time, I may have more to share when I am feeling better.”
Ed Brackett held a current guide license and has been registered since 2002, according to the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. Cheryl Brackett did not know whether her husband had access to his waterproof radio, which was protected in a dry bag, she said.
The Bracketts, who live in Birch Harbor, have run SeaScape Kayak and Bike out of Winter Harbor for 14 years.
The float plan was to tour the leeward side of the Sally Islands, where the seas are typically calmer, but when the group of three did not return to Corea Harbor by 4:30 p.m. as expected, Cheryl Brackett said she contacted authorities.
The water was roughly 52 degrees when the trio capsized, the Coast Guard and the Maine Marine Patrol said. There is no standard to how long someone can survive in cold water, said Lt. Dave Bourbeau, a Coast Guard spokesman. Everyone reacts differently depending on their body composition and how they’re dressed, he said.
“There is no indication of any wrongdoing on part of the kayak business,” Bourbeau said, adding that an investigation into the incident is ongoing.
The rare death of a Maine guide and a client in his care highlights the precautions that paddlers need to take when heading into the open waters off Maine’s coast.
Common safety themes emerged in interviews with three registered kayaking guides, including two master guides with more than a decade experience each. They include wearing life jackets and appropriate attire (including a wet or dry suit especially in open ocean, or when the water is below 60 degrees), knowing the latest weather forecast and having a VHF radio easily accessible. The guides also emphasized the importance of leaving a float plan with the planned route and an estimated return time.
“I always stress: dress for the water not the air,” said Mary McCauley, a registered guide since 2007 who owns Cross Current Maine Guided Adventures in Bath. “I wear dry suits right now because the water is so cold. If something happens, I want to be able to get back into my boat quickly and help my clients.”
McCauley, 57, said she postponed a tour Wednesday afternoon because the weather forecast called for high winds and a storm.
Zach Anchors, owner and co-founder of Portland Paddle, said kayakers need to be prepared for all kinds of weather, especially in Maine. Inexperienced kayakers, who cannot re-enter their boats after rolling over, should stay close to the shoreline, while experienced kayakers heading into the open ocean should wear a wet or dry suit in addition to a life jacket. At a minimum, paddlers should wear non-cotton clothing, such as polypropylene or wool, and carry a change of clothes in a dry bag.
“On the Maine coast, the conditions are so dynamic,” said Anchors, a 36-year-old master guide with 16 years experience. “The currents and the wind and fog and other factors can change quickly and create conditions that aren’t expected.”
A person must have a license to accept payment for guided sea kayaking tours and Maine has one of the most rigorous testing process to earn that license, according to Travis Journagan, a 39-year-old master guide with 15 years experience. That process includes both a written and oral exam, with an additional requirement to be CPR and First Aid certified, he said.
The state requires different tests and licenses for guides working in tidal waters, rivers/lakes and whitewater, said Journagan, who owns Tidal Transit in Boothbay and offers three-day classes for people preparing for the exam.
Journagan said paddlers should always have their VHF radio within reach and preprogrammed to the emergency channel so the U.S. Coast Guard can be notified of an emergency and easily locate those in distress.
“It’s basically a personal location beacon,” he said. “All you have to say is ‘Mayday, Mayday, Mayday’ and the Coast Guard is coming right at you.”
Journagan said the Corea Harbor incident is the only one that he can recall where a licensed guide had died as a result of an accident during a tour, and possibly the first time someone had died because of an accident while under a guide’s care. That information could not be verified Thursday night.
The bodies of those who died in Corea Harbor have been transported to the state Medical Examiner’s office, which will examine them to determine the cause and manner of death.
Jennifer Popper was pulled from the water about 8 p.m. Wednesday by a local lobsterman, more than three hours after she was scheduled to return to the mainland, the Coast Guard’s Bourbeau said.
The bodies of the two men were found about 8:30 p.m. and 10 p.m., authorities said.
Hunt, the assistant harbor master, said he was about a mile away when Crawley discovered Jennifer Popper. Soon after, Crawley found Popper’s husband, said Hunt, who was called over to pull Michael Popper aboard his boat.
The three were pulled from the water about halfway between Cranberry Point and Petit Manan Island, about 2.25 miles from the islands the group was touring, and about 3 miles from Corea Harbor.
In 2015, 71 people across the United States died in kayak-related boating incidents, with 80 percent from drowning, according to Coast Guard statistics released in May.

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-24 20:59

在缅因出事的细节来了：

出事的是专业15年的海洋向导，带2顾客，港口的水温可能14， 出事公开水域的水温12度。

没有穿任何干衣和湿衣，他们行程只是离岸最远1000米，离最近的陆地才500米。

事发当天突然刮大风， 求救信号没有发出，是向导老婆发现预定时间没有回来报的警，向导带有防水呼救电台。

500米，失温，对失温过于自大傲慢，500米也可以把俩条命葬送。

只有女顾客生还。

无论中国还是美国，皮划艇爱好者最容易出的错，就是对失温的保护，失温保护的概念是皮划艇爱好者安全第一原则。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-24 21:12

也许结论无需保护，但是每次活动花几秒钟问自己，这次活动有失温的危险吗？这个适用于任何水域，只是静水 95%情形是无需保护，但是问自己该是一种习惯

而且我不太相信任何执照，安全除了技能，和人的个性息息相关，有执照照样害死人。向导是拥有多年的专业向导执照

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-24 21:22

也许结论无需保护，但是每次活动花几秒钟问自己，这次活动有失温的危险吗？这个适用于任何水域，只是静水 95%情形是无需保护，但是问自己该是一种习惯。 如果不形成习惯，那5%情形出现，以及100% 中国大陆海岸线冬天威胁出现，人习惯于不用保护，敌人悄然闯入，这种事故发生突然远远超过比较冷的地区，这该是事故心理学一部分。

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-24 21:41

三年前我们在缅因类似的水温和时间（内海被老队友瞧不起非这次外海）发生比较严重一次事故，新人不会爬船，倒水都没有用，风大浪急，离岸边800米，无法游，只好靠附近机动船来救，当时我借给落水同学一件湿衣（每个新人我们免费提供），在不成熟一次错误中救回来一条命。这就是不同事故结果的巨大区别。

海洋救援失温保护就是赢得时间和生命！"

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-27 21:12

The party left for their kayaking trip about noon. The Coast Guard and Maine State Police were notified at 7 p.m. that they were overdue, he said.

The waves, reportedly 3 to 5 feet high, caused all three kayaks to capsize in the approximately 52-degree wate

Jennifer was found unconscious and clinging to her kayak,

Marine Patrol officials said Jennifer Popper was discovered after 8 p.m. by a local lobster fisherman.

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-27 21:18

缅因事故后续，更多细节。

又是下午的事故，突然来了 1.5米的涌浪(海洋变数突然性比河流大）， 三个全翻, 女士，因为狠命抓住船， 被渔船救，但是身体已经没知觉。

这里六的概念很清晰地。

当天属于正常下午风（由渔船推断，没有很特别的大风）， 渔船和其他船是救援的有生力量， 空无一人的外海本身就可能是不祥之兆

kurtyang04 · 2016-06-27 21:51

蒙大拿，7钟头前再死一位，由于那里水温低，估计失温和救生衣是主要原因。

http://www.dailyjournal.net/view/story/740d5c9e23c74f4fa41742b0a813125d/MT--Kayak-Fatal

kurtyang04 · 2016-07-12 19:04

其实这个事故很典型，很多人不过侥幸逃过一劫，他们运气不好，事故需要反思。

GOULDSBORO — Lobster fisherman Bruce Crowley was returning home from Ellsworth about 6 p.m. June 22 when he noticed the pickup truck used by a local tour company to haul its kayaks was still parked at the seawall in Corea.
Cheryl Brackett, who, with her husband, Ed, 63, owns SeaScape Kayak & Bike in Winter Harbor, was pacing the beach.
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“She said, ‘My husband and two other people are out and they were supposed to be back at 4 p.m.,’” Crowley recalled.
Crowley drove over to the nearby Corea Lobster Co-op to his lobster boat, Cindy Lee, and with fisherman Lenny Young onboard headed out to search for the trio while there was still daylight.
They brought a skiff with them, thinking they might need it if they found any of the kayakers.

Bruce Crowley’s lobster boat, Cindy Lee.
PHOTO BY JACQUELINE WEAVER
Once out in the bay they encountered fisherman Mike Hunt, who was out in his boat looking for the kayakers in Gouldsboro Bay.
The fishermen are intimately acquainted with the islands near the mouth of the bay — Sally Island, Bald Rock, Eastern Island, Sheep Island — and also know how treacherous the area can be.
“It is dangerous when the conditions are right,” said Crowley. “You take a 7 or 8 knot tide and it’s going against a 20-to-30 knot wind, it just makes the chop unbelievable, even for a lobster boat.”
Crowley is 61 and has been fishing in these waters since he was 10. He suggested to Hunt that they begin looking offshore with Hunt heading southwest and Crowley and Young southeast.
“If they got caught in the current between Bald Rock and Eastern Island, that’s the strongest current that comes out of Gouldsboro Bay,” Crowley said.
As Crowley and Young headed southeast, Crowley noticed something yellow about a mile away.
As they drew closer they could see a yellow kayak, capsized, and a woman clinging to it. They called the Coast Guard, which had a vessel three miles away.
“She had a rope wrapped around her wrist two or three times,” Crowley said. “Her eyes were open but she couldn’t talk or blink.”
The woman, Jennifer Popper, 48, of Plainfield, N.J., was limp and thus heavy. They tried unsuccessfully to pull her up over the four-foot side of the boat.
They then spun the boat around and tried to pull her up by the straps on her lifejacket.
The jacket began to slip off and so they stopped, worried that without the jacket she would slip below the surface of the water.
Young launched the skiff and came up alongside the woman.
He began pulling her on board slowly, easing back repeatedly as the skiff took on water.
“I grabbed her by the shoulder straps of her jacket,” said Young. “The poor girl got scraped across that stern.”
In the meantime, the Coast Guard vessel arrived, pulled up alongside the skiff and brought Jennifer Popper aboard.
Once on shore she was taken by LifeFlight to Eastern Maine Medical Center in Bangor, where she eventually regained consciousness.
Crowley and Young continued on for 300 to 400 yards and found Ed Brackett, the guide who had taken Popper and her husband, Michael Popper, 54, out on the kayak tour.
Brackett was unresponsive.
“His face and mouth were out of the water,” Crowley said.
Mike Hunt had come up alongside them and was able to pull Brackett’s body across his open stern.
By then there were as many as 10 fishing boats circling the area, along with a Coast Guard helicopter and the Marine Patrol.
Jonathan Coffin, who fishes out of Dyer Bay in Steuben, found Michael Popper. Like Brackett, he was unresponsive.
The Chief Medical Examiner’s office in Maine conducted autopsies on Popper and Brackett.
“Both deaths were caused by accidental drowning,” said Mark Belserene, administrator for the Chief Medical Examiner.
Jennifer Popper was discharged from Eastern Maine Medical Center June 24 and returned to Plainfield, N.J. the following day.
Local radio personality Chris Popper, who is Michael Popper’s cousin, was in Jennifer’s hospital room when she was interviewed by the Marine Patrol.
Chris said the couple had been out kayaking with Brackett on several occasions in prior trips to the area.
“She said they went from calm seas to rain and 30 mph winds and five foot seas,” Chris said. “She was able to right her kayak and get back in, but was not able to get the skirt back in and could not bail the water. She capsized again.”
She told the Marine Patrol that Michael Popper swam toward the kayak that contained cell phones in a plastic bag.
“That was the last she saw of him,” Chris said. “She said Ed hung on for a while. He was holding onto his kayak. Unfortunately, she saw him pass away.”
Chris said Jennifer might have survived more than five hours in the frigid water because she managed to get a large portion of her upper body out of the water.
A wake was planned for her husband in New Jersey June 28 followed by a funeral the following day.
“She is terribly bruised,” Chris said of Jennifer. “She is incredibly lucky and physically, she will make a full recovery. But it was devastating for her to watch Ed pass away as well as coping with the loss of her husband.”
Chris said the Marine Patrol and Coast Guard went beyond the call of duty in assisting Jennifer.
They went to the cottage in Winter Harbor that she and her husband had rented.
“They packed up all of her things and took them to the hospital,” Chris said.
Ed Brackett was well known on the Schoodic Peninsula and in the general area, both as a kayak guide and as code enforcement officer in Gouldsboro, Sorrento and Sullivan.
His memorial service will be held at 4:30 p.m. Saturday, July 2, at Hammond Hall in Winter Harbor.
The service will be followed by a reception at the Masonic Hall in Winter Harbor.
His wife, Cheryl Brackett, issued the following statement from the family:
“Words cannot describe the shock and grief our family is experiencing over the loss of our beloved Ed. Ed was an incredible husband, father, grandfather, brother, son, and friend to so many in our local community and beyond. Our thoughts and prayers are with the friends and family of Jennifer and Michael Popper during this difficult time. Though we are devastated over the tragic loss of Ed and Michael, we are so grateful that Jennifer’s condition continues to improve.”
“We would like to take this time to thank the local fishermen and members of the Coast Guard and Marine Patrol for their efforts in the search for Ed, Michael and Jennifer. We would also like to express deep gratitude towards our friends, family and members of the local community for their support and kindness during this difficult time.”
The dangers of hypothermia
According to the National Weather Service, hypothermia occurs when the body’s temperature dips below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees. Warning signs include uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness and obvious exhaustion.
Factors such as body fat, age, alcohol consumption and wetness can affect how long hypothermia takes to strike. The situation becomes much more dangerous when someone falls into the water.
In water 32.5 degrees Fahrenheit or colder, one might not survive more than 15 to 45 minutes. The U.S. Coast Guard states that a person in that situation would undergo shock within the first two minutes and some experience functional disability before 30 minutes.
The Personal Flotation Device Manufacturers Association states that in water 50 to 60 degrees, exhaustion or unconsciousness will occur in one to two hours with an expected survival time of one to six hours.

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 18:30

我们滑雪俱乐部洋人尽管不太划艇，大都知道湿衣和干衣概念，正是这全民性的教育挡住了很多事故发生，在华人为主的户外圈，这种教育匮乏，我们这么多年就感觉强大压力（改变一个民族的概念是多么艰难）"
—————————
一个经典的事故报告，新人，单人，13-14度水温（短袖短裤），天气变化（风从2级到四级），离岸风（不不知不觉推倒失控的死亡陷阱， 奖板类似的事发生在我们身上），窜在一块就是可能的死亡。 但是作为一个海洋大省和失温最危险的美国头三号省，7年内，因皮划艇死亡的共有12人，其中4人发生在海洋里（其他静水和白水）， 不算多，大概一般民众还是比较小心，尽管危险在那，过分的人并不多， 只要坚守安全原则，海洋出个事也没那么简单。
"
—————————
For the vast majority of people, kayaking is a relatively low risk sport that enhances health and provides a lot of joy. A study of paddlesport deaths in Maine
shows that there were 12 kayaking deaths in the years 2000 – 2007, four
of which occurred in ocean waters. However, even one death is too
many. Following are some guidelines for reducing the incidence of this
type of accident in the future."
—————————
‘Perfect Storm’ of Conditions Leads to Kayaker Death
—————————
‘Perfect Storm’ of Conditions Leads to Kayaker Death

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 18:44

<br>'The purpose of this blog post is not to judge the decisions made by this<br> kayaker or to determine exactly what happened but rather to learn from <br>the incident so that other kayakers can avoid this type of accident in <br>the future.'  这正是我们列出各种事故不管英雄不是英雄，出了事的好汉在天堂都希望从教训里避免发生在我们身上，那种非不出事就任性不遵守安全规则是极其危险的，海洋99%安全靠避免。<br>

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 19:13

超过50%的海洋皮划艇死亡事故是没有事故报告，这是绝好的例子，作者只能靠经验去拆发生了什么。失温不是简单的首冻，而是救援能力大大下降， 强烈的恶性循环，最后又攻陷心里的防线，这种作用被无数中国户外爱好者轻视，中小河你轻视还有不少机会自救，在大海就是致命的。 海洋救援打的是持久战，人的体温是救援的能量和信心来源。对海洋救援理解和准备才是标准一个人是不是合格的海洋皮划艇爱好者。

对失温的认识是多年的学习过程，我这么一个人有时也会犯错，谁敢说自己就是100%过关了。海洋安全就是让人安全一丝不苟。据说前些，北方某俱乐部翻船同学都没有穿湿衣，而没翻同学都穿了。好讽刺好挖苦，我们历史也是如此。 忽略湿衣安全的往往其他安全也会大意，对于皮划艇，救生衣就是代表安全基本的态度，对于海洋公开海域（20度水温以上近岸除外），湿衣代表也是一种海洋安全基本态度。

Likely sometime between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m., Eric Hogan’s kayak was capsized and he was not able to get back aboard. Perhaps it had already capsized several times. One feature of sit-on-top kayaks is that unlike standard (“sit-in”) kayaks, they do not take and water and cannot swamp. Following a sit-on-top capsize, a paddler need only flip the kayak upright, clamber back aboard, and resume paddling.
The combination of the wind and wind-blow spray as well as the waves sloshing up onto his kayak undoubtedly started to lower Eric’s body temperature. If he had already capsized one or more times, this would have lowered his body temperature further. When the body gets cold, hands and feet start to lose dexterity. Next, arms and legs begin to lose strength. The mind also slows down. Coordination is lost. Judgement becomes clouded.

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 19:33

if he launched from the east side of Hancock Point, he would have been in the lee of the wind and might not have felt it until he had paddled away from the shore.

离岸风在心里上也是海洋皮划艇潜在新人巨型杀手，它开始给人一种假象一种麻痹，觉得大海状况蛮不错，但是一旦远离大陆，那风就不是人想象的小，而且雪上加霜，人可能无法划回。 这种巨大反差有的像白水里倒下的树，看上去还好没啥呀，一旦辨别不了，大事故的机制就开始成熟。在白水里，尽最大代价避开倒下的树，
在海洋里，超过3级的离岸风都可能演变为杀手。大师们都选择离岸近的路线，第一个理由就是避开离岸风的可能性，第二个就是出事后好逃上岸。可是我见过无数同学就是喜欢大直线，这是种不成熟。

不管是白水还是海洋，救援和安全绝对为先，给自己和团队多留点退路和余地，就能应变一些想不到的事故发生。

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 22:45

另一件事故：

"kurt2: 这是去年死俩人另一起事故。虽然失温是直接原因，但是这个可以避免有很多救援机会的事件，被连领队活活坑死了，具体Wind Speed>  10 mph (West)         Max Wind Speed        22 mph         Max Gust Speed   36 mph 

不清楚他们在那边划，当时是西风。很可能在半岛东侧，如果贴岸边近也许马上可以跳上岸，但这种强烈的半斜离岸风特别不能离岸几十米，否则很快把你往深海推。 如果是新人（应该大部分是），4-6级风，效率是非常低的，更不用说安全隐患。回头是岸，岸那么近，其实所有希望就在岸上，从体力大风下滑回去不明智，从安全上离岸风和8度水温都是重型杀手，是根本容不得一点失误（新人失误太正常）。无论是半岛还是独立的岛，上岸待命求援是唯一的选择（其实还能走回去）。 领队没有从从后果考虑事故可能发生，领队没有分析他们拥有什么有利和不利条件， 在大决定上做出了与新人不合时宜的继续前进的命令。一旦落水离岸就几十米距离，失温很快跟进，剩下就是收拾残局了。 救援思想和准备在海洋里是海洋领队最重要的策划和执行里，显示高低的主要指标。落水再救已经来不及了，表明大决定是多么关键。

<br>"<br>—————————<br>"kurt2: The Clallam County Sheriff’s Office <br>reports seven kayakers with the Mountain View Church of the Nazarene’s <br>hiking club out of Tumwater saw conditions turn quickly on their way back to the Cline Spit boat launch from the New Dungeness Lighthouse.<br>Witnesses<br> say the day began with calm waters but that afternoon hail poured for <br>brief spurts in Sequim while on the water the Clallam County Sheriff’s <br>Office reported 35 mph winds and 3-foot high swells. These led to three <br>boaters’ 17-foot sea kayaks to overturn. <br>A<br> lighthouse volunteer spotted the kayakers and called for help around <br>2:42 p.m. The Coast Guard deployed a boat and helicopter and called in a<br> support helicopter from the Naval Air Station Whidbey Island.<br>"<br>—————————<br>

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 22:46

查到一些细节，就是回程还有没有十分钟队伍就散了，我们团队的华人新人过去总有人不时干这事，现在知道厉害了吧，除非通过海峡的队伍被打乱，队伍乱就是出事的前兆和失控的开始，海洋失控就意味无法把救援有效传递给全队，更不用说传递命令，白水和海洋我领队都骂过队友有意无意打乱队形，几十回，这个事故该证明我对失控是多么敏感和不祥之兆正确。一句话，队伍乱了乱的是安全和救援，没了救援和安全，大海死个人太简单容易。 救援各种角度全方面才是海洋安全的核心。"

"Within 10 minutes I couldn't see anybody or another kayaker anywhere," said Dennis Caines.
The
video shows their kayak pitching and rolling in the waves. Linda
Caines' panicked voice can be heard urging them to get back to shore.

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 22:47

12月八号是北脸老板我们尊敬的师长，Douglas Tompkins出事一周年纪念，痛心的是他教训没有被绝大部分人捕捉到，一年内，台湾也是大陆挺友的JED出事，这回更大损失更无法估量，希望大家在安全上更谦卑点在安全上我们要学的东西很多，路还很长，路得一步一步走。"

我们海洋领队是中国户外里最艰辛的领队一种，大量新人轻视失温轻视队形，轻视大海各种奇怪特征，和人斗和自以为是的人斗才是我过去十年最让人费心和失望的地方。过去一年俩位名人出事，一位台湾朋友出事，说白了就是没有人和他们轻敌思想斗，结果就是看运气

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 23:23

查了查台湾推广协会的JED事件的总结：<br><br>剛剛把今天有討論到的擋案都上傳到FB社團，有興趣的舟友可以去下載來看，今天從各種討論中收穫很多，將來大家跟海巡之間的關係，各種安全器材的選擇與使用，都有非常深入的討論，同時對未來的做法，有很清楚改進的方向，真的很感謝關心與參與這個討論的划船朋友們，場地簡陋，招待不周，還請見諒。<br><br> <br>由於這個重大事件，對大家的在心態上與做法上，帶來的巨大影響與轉變，協會已經決定將2/11日，定為Jed紀念日，每年的這天，都會邀請所有的舟友，一起來參與關於划船安全的論壇，甚或是下水演練新開發的救援方式，不只是協會，每個團體都歡迎來在這個安全論壇中發表與交流。<br> 或許我們無力改變這次事件的結果，但我們可以讓這次事件更有意義。<br>

JED是17-18度水温出事的（95% 他没有失温的准备），在台湾网站里协会脸书几百个帖子里，我们看不到一个失温的字（要有的话还是我留下的），和如果面对台湾冬天春天可能失温的重大隐患，这些总结就集中在器材和官方救援上，只字没有谈人为的错误，当然保护个人形象重要，可是大多数老手都知道安全还不是器材和官方救援第一位，自己的错误才是第一位，可以不直接指出错误，但总结没啥分量，出了大事，靠官方搜寻有可能太晚太晚，机动救援更不能保证100%的有效（这次被100%证明），只听说SOLO是JED事故唯一私下总结， 但事故原因远远比SOLO复杂。这么重要学习机会没有转变为安全宝贵经验，可惜了。事故与人的心理和安全态度， 安全全方位的理解和准备往往很紧密。

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-21 23:41

我看到三件事的共性就是他们的安全基于不翻船不落水，一厢情愿认为户外世界的美好，一旦落水事故发生，他们的安全救援计划无法挡住事故急剧的恶性发展，而我们都是凡人，这个世界没有神人，为最坏的情形准备，时刻准备救援是挑战海洋和白水户外安全头号原则。

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 18:08

http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/74047102/I-ve-cheated-death-kayaker-miraculously-rescued-at-the-head-of-Wellington-Harbour

Watched by friends, he had paddled out at about 1pm on Saturday from Tarakena Bay at Moa Point before a series of mistakes in cool, windy conditions nearly put a tragic end to his first kayak trip.
"I got over-confident and went further than I should have... even on a nice day, I was pushing my luck," the Carterton plant nursery worker said.
"It was just utter stupidity."
The launch-point was sheltered but as soon as he got around Moa Point, large breaking waves flipped the boat. 
Unable to get back aboard because of the pummelling waves, he signalled for help with his paddle but he was too far away for his friends to see.
Pulled toward the open ocean by the kayak, he decided to let go and swim for the Moa Point rocks nearby.
But water-logged shirts underneath his life-jacket dragged him down, so he took off the life-jacket to remove them, but then realised he was unable to put the life jacket back on because of the waves.
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Desperately looking for instructions, he spotted its label: "Do not remove life jacket under any circumstances."
"I was just like, I'm gone."
He battled the current for half an hour, clinging to the jacket and trying to side-paddle back to the beach, before deciding to make for Pencarrow Head lighthouse, visible on the opposite side of the harbour.
He swam for two hours and got close enough to hear the surf before running out of strength as the cold water took its toll.
By then his friends, including the owner of the $3000 kayak, had notified emergency services.
About 5pm, Lanceley saw the Westpac rescue helicopter in the distance, but felt he had not been seen and was ready to give up when the winch-line appeared. 
Maritime police constable Rob Grant said police were notified at about 2.30pm of a missing kayaker.
Lanceley was "very, very lucky" to be found, he said.
By the time he was discovered, the search operation had grown to include maritime police, the rescue helicopter, Wellington coastguard and Wellington Airport emergency services.
Helicopter crewman Logan Taylor said the four-member crew was searching for about 20 minutes before they spotted Lanceley.
A trained Wellington Free Ambulance paramedic in a wetsuit was lowered to the water and harnessed Lanceley, before they were both winched to safety.
The helicopter flew him back to base and he was taken to Wellington Hospital, but was discharged a few hours later.
Lanceley was grateful to all those who helped save his life, and hoped his mistakes would be a lesson for others.
"I feel irresponsible... I've got a lot more respect for the ocean."
Maritime police had recovered the kayak and returned it to his friend.
He was a bit sore and bruised, but hoped to be back at work on Monday.
"I feel like I've cheated death but... it was horrible. It's not something I'm proud of."

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 18:17

这个是被新西兰救上来的幸运儿，有录像，浪不大，应该是潮汐流把人往外洋推，从一个又一个中外海洋事故可以发现很多神似的词语：过度自信，无知（不知不觉），失温。 当年8264那位版主还自豪自己是英雄，呵呵，人家也游了2钟头，“"I feel like I've cheated death but... it was horrible. It's not something I'm proud of."

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 18:44

又是一位过分自信的大侠，失温但活下来经典案例（好像也就几百米）

Floating Alone in the Chesapeake in January

This occurred on the Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland on January 28, 2012. But by the grace of God — and four wonderful people aboard a boat named Audacious — I would not be alive today to share my story. While wiser, I am also humbled and embarrassed by the experience. I share my story to (1) hold myself up as a cautionary tale, especially for experienced sea kayakers who might be complacent (as I was), and (2) to recognize the people who saved my life.

I'm a 48-year-old man who's been paddling for more than 15 years. I've also been a sailor since I was a kid, having grown up with a father who was a career Coast Guard officer. I'm comfortable on and in the water. I paddle almost every week, year-round, and often solo. I've taken numerous paddling classes and have paddled in all kinds of conditions in lots of places. I've done multi-day kayaking trips, ocean paddling, flat water and moderate whitewater. I have (what I thought was) a pretty decent roll and I know a few different self-rescue techniques (though I hadn't practiced in several years).

My kayak is a Necky Looksha IV HV and is constructed of kevlar and fiberglass. It's a great boat. I've had it for 12 years.

On January 29th I decided to take advantage of the sunny day and the warm-for-winter temps and drive from where I live in Washington, DC, to near Annapolis and paddle out to Thomas Point Light. This is a short paddle — about four miles round trip from my put-in. I've done it 4 or 5 times, and I've sailed in the area countless times.

I launched around noon. The weather forecast was for mostly sunny skies, highs in the low 50's, and winds out of the south at 10-15 knots (though building throughout the afternoon). A small craft advisory had been issued for 6pm and into the night. I expected that, even with some goofing off and photo taking, I still wouldn't be on the water longer than two-and-a-half hours (i.e., back by 2:30pm).

I was wearing a dry top, neoprene gloves, and I used a skirt (of course). I had no hood, dry or wet pants, or boots (I know, I know — I will get back to this). I did have a PFD on.

It was a lovely day, but breezy as expected. I would be paddling southeast so the winds were off my starboard bow. I had a nice paddle to the lighthouse and dealt with a bit of chop just fine. I took some photos (see below or here on Flickr: http://bit.ly/zAHCt9). The winds were definitely building and the growing waves began to make me uncomfortable with having my nice Nikon camera out. I didn't want to get it wet so, with it hanging around my neck and waves splashing the boat, I paddled to the lee side of the lighthouse and then under it to hold onto a dock piling while putting the lens cover on, getting it back in its dry bag and strapping it to the deck. I drank some water, took a phone call(!) and then took off for the paddle back. Everything was fine.

By this point the winds had built to probably 15-20 knots, gusting higher. The tide was going out (against me) and the winds were off my port stern quarter. With the wind and tide going different directions — combined with being right over a shoal — the waves were a bit bigger than usual, but still nothing I found alarming. I've handled worse and was actually enjoying surfing down waves while also noticing the faces were steeper than I was used to. Right around the shoal near the lighthouse the sea was in a bit of a confused state. The wave direction wasn't totally consistent. While on the crest of a wave focusing on balance I reached back on the port side to brace with the paddle when suddenly water wasn't where I expected it to be. The paddle was still in the air where I expected resistance and I capsized to port.

I immediately attempted to roll back up as waves were tossing around the boat and me. I was not successful and then attempted two more rolls. I really wasn't even getting close. I decided to exit the boat to attempt self-rescue using the Ladder technique (YouTube: http://bit.ly/wMW43O). I got to the rear of the kayak and began crawling to the cockpit and got knocked over by another wave. I was realizing I was in serious trouble because the cold water was quickly sapping my strength. I tried another self-rescue and was once again knocked over.

I didn't see any boats on the bay. I knew I was in a really bad situation.

I wasn't far from the lighthouse — a couple hundred yards at most. I thought my best chance was to swim for it and to try to climb up on its dock. I began swimming and immediately realized I couldn't swim the kayak upwind in those conditions. I wasn't making any headway at all. So I made a quick decision to let the boat go, even while knowing "stay with the boat" is almost a mantra for problems at sea. I didn't think that was an option, though, because of the cold water and being nearly two miles from shore.

So I let the boat go and the wind quickly took it. I'll never forget that moment when the thought hit me "I'm floating alone in the Chesapeake...in January."

I began swimming on my back toward the lighthouse. I was making minimal headway against the winds and waves. The cold water was causing great pain at this point, and my ability to swim was rapidly leaving me. During those few minutes I knew I was facing death. I was angry at myself for doing this to my father. Just a few months earlier we had lost my mother to cancer — his beloved wife of 51 years. I remember thinking that at least they will know where to look for my body because I had emailed a float plan to him and my sister that morning.

I was swimming as hard as I could with whatever strength I had left and decided to roll over off my back for a second to check to see that I was at least still pointing at the lighthouse. I saw a boat up ahead! It was a classic white Chesapeake Bay fishing boat. I learned later she is the Audacious, seen here at Thomas Point Light (not my photo):

I began yelling. They couldn't hear me and it appeared, at first, that it would just cruise by me when I realized they were actually slowing down to pull up to the lighthouse. I kept yelling but was growing worried that I wouldn't be able to even yell much longer. I was exhausted. Then the boat pulled up to the dock (positioned exactly as in that photo) and someone jumped off the boat with a line to secure it. He was now facing me and I yelled again with every ounce of energy I had. He heard me! He looked up, waved and immediately jumped back in the boat and they headed my way.

I wasn't going to die.

There were two men and two women on board. They had to literally pull me out because I couldn't help them at all. I weigh 200 pounds, was almost dead weight from exhaustion, was obviously soaking wet, and the boat was rocking around because of the conditions. It was really hard for the two guys to pull me up by my PFD, but they were champions and managed to get me on board with some serious effort.

They got me inside the small cabin and began drying me off and warming me up. While I was in there they retrieved my kayak and paddle, which must have been a half-mile downwind at that point. My camera in a dry bag was still secured to the deck, which is why I have the photos.

I estimate that I was in the water for about 15 minutes, which is right about the limit before total exhaustion in 40-degree water (which is what that part of the bay was on that day). I could have expected to lose consciousness after 30 minutes and would have been dead within 60, at best (and these figures are without physical exertion).

I'm not being overly dramatic when I say they saved my life. I have no doubt that this is true.

MISTAKES I MADE:

1. I should not have been paddling solo in the winter on open water like the Chesapeake.2. I should have been wearing pants, shoes, and a hat made for cold-water immersion. I couldn't find my wetsuit pants that morning and went anyway.3. I should have had a submersible VHF strapped to my PFD, as well as flares and/or a smoke signal device.

Solo winter paddling in open water and not wearing pants/shoes/hat for cold-water immersion were total rookie mistakes. "Dress for the water, not for the air." I know this and ignored it. I nearly paid for my mistake with my life.

Other lessons: I must work on my rolls and self-rescue techniques every year, and practice in conditions closer to what could be expected in a real life emergency.

I was clearly complacent and over confident in my skills. If there are other paddlers out there, no matter how experienced, who might be taking on needless risk like on did I hope this story will change their behavior.

I want to publicly thank my rescuers Henry and Chris Gonzalez, and Captain Howard and Cathy Lewis. Henry is the lighthouse keeper for the Thomas Point Lighthouse (www.thomaspointlighthouse.org) and vice-president of the U.S. Lighthouse Society (www.uslhs.org). Howard is the owner and skipper of Audacious, and I understand he lends his time helping out with the lighthouse.

They were on the water that day — the ONLY boat in the area at that time — to do their annual winter check on the lighthouse. In all the years I've paddled and sailed near Thomas Point Light I have never seen a boat pull up to it. The long odds of them being there at that exact time and within earshot defy description.

I am very, very fortunate to be alive.

The term "divine intervention" comes to mind.

I welcome your comments, suggestions and well-deserved criticism.

Kevin

P.S. - Was edited on 2/18 to change the date of the incident. I originally wrote Jan. 29th but it was actually Sat., Jan. 28th.

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 18:45

Solo winter paddling in open water and not wearing pants/shoes/hat for cold-water immersion were total rookie mistakes. "Dress for the water, not for the air." I know this and ignored it. I nearly paid for my mistake with my life.I was clearly complacent and over confident in my skills. If there are other paddlers out there, no matter how experienced, who might be taking on needless risk like on did I hope this story will change their behavior.　

　台湾事故报告只字不提失温, 迟早失温死亡还在台湾皮划艇届发生，藐视失温危险是种不敬业。这个事故发生地的水温在１０－１２度之间。

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 19:08

I know this and ignored it（我知道失温危害，就是不理不睬），多少人通病，悲剧的来源之一，　人性户外常见弱点。

 背景从小玩帆船，后改为１５年皮划艇（帆船和皮划艇没有高贵之分），　父亲是职业美国海岸警备队成员"

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 19:36

不怕海洋的男人迟早被淹死，他会在不合时宜时候出海。而我们害怕大海，我们也时常害怕淹死"
—————————
 爱尔兰作家一句名言，正是说的是海洋和冒险，恐惧和死亡。”A man who is not afraid of the sea will soon be drowned, he said, for he will be going out on a day he shouldn't. But we do be afraid of the sea, and we do only be drownded now and again“

kurtyang04 · 2016-11-22 21:21

罕见的穿了湿衣也被冻死的事故。失温绝对不是简简单单的事。

Friday night, 2 young ladies decide to go kayaking, on a small lake, south of Quebec City. Conditions were windy and difficult. the girls were aged 17 and19. At about 9pm, both tipped over. The 19yr old made it to shore. Search and rescue teams arrive on sight and start searching the lake at about 9:30 pm. The 17 yr old was found hanging to a rock and unconscious, close to shore, at about 11 pm.

She was transported to a local hospital, suffering from sever hypothermia. She was then transfered to a Quebec City hospital where she was taken off life support, 4 hrs later.

The parents of the young lady were on a flight to Paris, not aware of the situation. It was her 22 yr old brother, aunt and uncle that were by her side, when she died.

Both were wearing wetsuits but neither had a PFD. Authorities still do not know why the girls decided to go out on the lake in such difficult conditions.

For those that are able to read french, I have posted the link.
http://www.canoe.com/infos/societe/arch ... 94312.html

kurtyang04 · 2017-03-08 20:18

又到了失温容易出事的季节， 提醒各位注意安全

kurtyang04 · 2017-07-12 17:39

"Nearly all are caused by cold water"

http://www.kayarchy.com

kurtyang04 · 2017-07-12 17:50

This is what happens when an adult suddenly enters water which is colder than your clothing and acclimatization can handle:
Phase 1 - the first three minutes. Cold shock. 
Phase 2 - the next thirty minutes. Swimming failure. 
Phase 3 - after thirty minutes or more. Hypothermia. 
Phase 4 - post-rescue collapse. Casualties with hypothermia often collapse and sometimes die while being retrieved, during re-warming or within a few hours afterwards. See Treating A Hypothermic Kayaker.

kurtyang04 · 2017-07-12 18:27

"We mentioned the Royal Navy DVD in which former Olympic swimmer Sharron Davies tried to swim in water at 50°F, to which she was not acclimatized. She was exhausted and in trouble after eight minutes and the experiment was discontinued at ten minutes.
In water which is significantly colder than you are used to, your ability to swim decreases over a period of five minutes to half an hour. Your swimming style deteriorates until you are almost vertical in the water. You cease making any forward progress, you can't raise an arm to wave for help, you can't control your breathing enough to shout, you are unable to keep your airway clear, and you drown."

http://www.kayarchy.com/html/02technique/010kayakingsafely/001coldshock.htm#coldshock

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 03:59

刚刚出事的退预运动员，记住

失温失去救援自救能力，救生衣是失去救援时间

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 14:21

手，在彝湖划船多年。

因备战昆明赛艇大师赛，今早在训练时，他独自下水进行单人艇训练，不幸遇难。遇难原因还在调查当中，疑是因有雾等气象原因，误入了北岸障碍区，发生碰撞，断桨，翻船，因水冷，肌肉严重抽筋导致自救失败。

众多艇友闻之，纷纷表示沉重悼念。

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 15:54

我们是中国俱乐部里，最冷的海洋舟活动范围，漂流是其中之一。

11年领队的我表示，失温是看上简单，实则海洋或静水安全最被忽略最难精确控制的技术。

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 16:27

磨房水版安全教育的里程碑：

1）2006-7 滚水坝 事故

2）2014 失温安全宣传

今年或这几年出事的模式都是这个顺序，什么是有的放矢。

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 16:41

就是这个丽湖

我第一次推动皮划艇安全就是从丽湖温哥俱乐部那里开始的

他们一直没事，受他们影响小的出事

说明安全教育缺乏，王石也是没有重视这个问题。当然不是他的责任，只是希望王石更有效推动水上运动发展！

只有他有能力让这些赛艇爱好者重视安全

换个我，这些运动员被我骂死不穿救生衣

kurtyang04 · 2017-11-22 16:56

感觉皮划艇爱好者相对安全素质高

热爱皮划艇也会关心安全

赛艇有种虚荣

很多人奔王石去的，自然真正懂得所有东西的少

皮划艇很多人还是度过我们的安全文章，赛艇不大会读过这篇文章

这次出事正是重视，安全更危险的没出事，不重视，危险相对小的出事

kurtyang04 · 2017-12-10 04:17

"I think a lot more people would use the dry suit if they owned one. It’s an option only available to those who have one. Many times the beginner paddler uses what they have or can afford and would gladly dress more for the water if they had the apparel. Nobody buys a dry suit at first unless they have a lot of money. Ironically this is the one group who needs it the most. The unfortunate thing is that many beginners are drawn into the false sense of security of warm air temperatures and have really never experienced a cold swim, plus the fact that spring can be a windy time of year.

这大概说春天海洋，新人，是最容易出事的季节。

kurtyang04 · 2017-12-23 05:58

惊魂金沙江
弗里德曼说“世界是平的”。长远看的确如此，但在一个区域、一段时间，认知是一个渐进的过程，世界不是平的。
在我生命的过程中，也不是平的。
 “我恨你！SB！”
我大骂着自己，一个浪头打过来，我被水淹没了。发不出声，我被一个漩涡吸下去，两只手紧抱着充气皮划艇，漫长的等待，水再把我托举上来。
那个曾经的能扔一个大篮球的漩涡，现在变成一个超级的莲花托。
如一只蚂蚁，我的性命在金沙江中漂流。
那是2011年10月3日，我带领了两个同伴从金沙江云南奔子栏下水，计划两天左右到达石鼓镇。在此之前，虽然我也作过不少详细的数据调研，如水文地质、水流量、白滩的级别，我也了解同行伙伴曾在藏区高海拔的冰冷河流中划艇过，也拒绝了女性的加入。我自己，也有多次在武江等二级三级的白滩中，使用充气软艇、激流硬艇过滩的经验。
我以为这条河流在我们的能力之中，我们可以保障自己的安全。以为这一段金沙江一百多公里，也只有两个三级滩，我们三人皆用充气艇相对安全。
但这如同在珠峰8000米的地方攀登难度系数5.9的岩壁，即使强如梅西，这如同请他到海拔6000米的阿里高原山坡去踢一个沙石场地足球。
大河是平静的，如果站在高处，怒江、金沙江、澜沧江皆如此。
一旦到水里，你就感受到那巨大的水能，人在江里，如同一个小蚂蚁在一个庞大的洗衣机中。
那天，我们从奔子栏下水往前有十公里左右，其中一人翻艇，我们其他两人尝试救援，但水速有15公里/小时左右，基本无法接近他；再往前三公里，另外一人翻艇。再往前三公里，我也翻艇，我们在水中曾对讲机互相鼓励，但此时三人只能自救。
我穿的是半身干衣，水渐渐也浸入我上身。我尝试拖艇游向岸边，但水速快、流量高达一千多立方，多时靠近岸边只有十余米，但巨大的水回旋又把人带到江中间。紧张、恐惧、肾上腺激素分泌、愤怒（我对自己的愤怒）……可是不容多想，我只有翻艇上船。
“喔！”我习惯性大喊。终于把反扣的艇推正了，然后艰难地爬上去。刚坐稳，前面是一小滩，未立稳脚跟又被打翻。再次水里推艇，身上的力气和热量随着几度的水温已大量流失，非常难地再推艇面朝天，再次往艇上爬，上半身上去、但腿还落在水中，这样僵持着再也难爬，前面几百米处是那个白浪喧嚣的三级滩！
“死吧！你他妈的！”
最后的吼叫中，我终于爬上了。这段水速很急，但是是平水无浪，我赶紧划艇靠岸，岸是一个30、40米高的近60°左右的乱石陡坡。
我浑身发抖，这是失温的结果。对讲机中，另一个同伴开始在说“救我，找救援！”然后信号断了，电波嘶啦啦的声音。
他们是我的搭档和朋友，他们两个是我邀请过来的，活动是我组织的……这是我人生中第一次最愚蠢的计划和组织，不仅让自己生死悬一线，自己有难就罢了，但把两个朋友拖下水、陷在危险的金沙江中，这令人不齿、极端残忍、极度愚蠢。
我没有这些时间考虑这些，发抖着上岸，寻找救援。香格里拉、维西、奔子栏的各级政府机构、公安出马，当地藏族、傈僳族老百姓沿江被通知……最终，他们俩个分别在下游五公里、十公里左右的地方，分别被救援成功。
这一年多以来，我每次面对河流、大水，都想起这个场景。
我和他们俩是幸运的，我们没有死。
曾经有我一些朋友，他们曾去野营徒步、雪山攀登，他们在类似的逻辑中，这样的，就死亡了。
为什么？因为我都四十岁了，我专业性地接触皮划艇运动有7年的历史，这在中国算比较早的。但我和朋友们的学习，往往是依靠国外资料、网站、自己摸索，我在理论上可以教条地、一套套的有自己看似圆满的话语和思考。
但真正下到水里，迎接每秒每刻都在变化中的大江河，一切全都乱了。
我在自己的实际能力与外界环境之间，没有真正的能力判断。或者简单的说，我的经验和能力，尚达不到这种探险型的大江漂流。——我把自己置之于险地，这是2011年，这是自己的冒险。我也成为我曾不屑的那个菜鸟，菜鸟无妨，但却无知而鲁莽。

kurtyang04 · 2017-12-27 18:52

Day 79

地点：小冲里岛子

时间：12月27

天气：阴，能见度15公里

温度：-1-7

浪涌高：30-180

风向：南 阵风六级

水温：4

距离：14

行进时间:5小时

水质:清澈，能见度高

环境:空气质量好，无人为污染痕迹

食物：早：榨菜稀饭（昨晚剩饭）

中：快速干粮

晚：麻辣小面

用水量：海上淡水零

总结:海上的79天！出发的106天

天气预报今天最高风速28节，实际体验超过了50节，因为我划不动……早早的就出发了，想顺流多划一段，中午11点半平潮后就逆流，虽然今天腰也有不适，不过顾不上了，出发就顶风，然后侧风进湾，在出湾顶风侧风进湾，确认是顺流，但是逆风，风流相抵每秒倒退0.5米以上！放眼望去外面浪高，可是近岸又有拍打岸边回弹交错的乱七八糟碎浪，行进速度巨慢！中午开始能感觉到平潮后更慢，转入人工海堤区，看着右边的大型工字石几乎处于原地踏步状态，迎着一个一个浪头溅得眼镜花到看不清，明显感觉到肌肤和海水的亲密接触，我知道干衣里面的羽绒服湿透了！湿透了，湿透了……费劲划到一个灯塔边果断靠岸了！不然一下午的退潮加逆风估计也划不了几公里。从天气预报来看，明天也逆风，不过风力会小很多。灯塔下面很干净，也很宽敞！刚好是在背风面，爬上海堤高处看了看外面一大锅的开水，风能吹到我有些步伐不稳，心中暗喜自己的决定是正确的，在前行不知道哪里找这么好一块地方！

kurtyang04 · 2017-12-27 19:07

失温问题在11月到4月 （北方10月到5月）复杂到一塌糊涂。当年没出事前的台湾会长，讽刺挖苦一句话“干衣不就解决了吗（2014）？’

之后 1）2016 台湾会长活动出大事，其好兄弟出大事于台湾最冷的二月 （没有提到任何失温保护）

2）庹二英雄的旅程，目前碰到大问题都与失温有关，最大一次未遂事故，又是它，好像最后商业大船救了其中一位队员（也救了三人名），一个人出事，兄弟是不会放弃，导致结果会更严重。

3）干衣不一定解决问题，有时有种假象，好像有保护，其实保护可能很有限，如何选中好干衣，够中国爱好者折腾很长时间

4）失温继续不停挑战庹二大侠，各种时间各种方式，明显在技术都到位情况下，最大敌人，躲不过的敌人还是失温。夏天以前，为英雄祈祷祝福

绝大部分海洋皮划艇探险压力就在失温上（或者翻船后失温)，我10年前这样认为，5年前开始在国内宣传，今天看来问题比想象得更严重。

超级超级杀手！！

kurtyang04 · 2018-02-07 16:11

赛艇｜心塞！众多艇友惊闻纷纷表示沉重悼念，运动务必注意安全第一！
2017-11-22 15:01

陈东升，八一队退役运动员现在在无锡工商局要职，南京金帆俱乐部主力桨手，在彝湖划船多年。

因备战昆明赛艇大师赛，今早在训练时，他独自下水进行单人艇训练，不幸遇难。遇难原因还在调查当中，疑是因有雾等气象原因，误入了北岸障碍区，发生碰撞，断桨，翻船，因水冷，肌肉严重抽筋导致自救失败。

众多艇友闻之，纷纷表示沉重悼念。

再次向各位艇友重申一下安全事项

下水前注意事项：

1、不能在没有教练在场情况下私自下水；

2、下水可带漂包，初学者必须经过游泳测试且穿救生衣；

3、单人艇训练一定要结伴而行，不可单独行动；

4、下水前确认好脚蹬上的安全绳系紧；

5、做好热身运动和器材的安全检查；

6、新人必须做翻船测试、游泳测试后方可下水；

7、建议日常多做体检，有心脏病、高血压等疾病者慎上强度；

8、有条件的建议佩戴心率带，确保心率不超过一定强度（比如150）；

9、按照航道行驶船只，自然水域有条件的需设立航道，没有航道的注意后方；

10、极端天气下，如风浪大雨大则取消下水；

什么情况下会翻船？

1、浪大。（风力超过5级不建议下水。）

2、别桨。

3、撞艇。

4、器材损坏（如断桨、桨栓滑脱等意外情况）

翻船怎么办？

1、保持冷静，稳定呼吸和心跳，抓住艇。

2、冷静后设法脱鞋，此时失温很快，必须迅速。

3、拖鞋后抱住艇，等待教练艇的救援。（艇有浮力，相当于是一个浮筒。）

4、切莫游泳自救！一定要抱艇保持体力等待救援，或者把桨卸下放在脚下（桨本身也有一定浮力）；

5、如果长时间无人救援，可设法爬上艇（需要经过专门训练测试）

kurtyang04 · 2018-02-07 16:31

「kurt2: 我在国内推动失温安全教育正好4年，这四年死了三个人与中国人有关的人」

「kurt2: 一个是北脸老板，一个八一退役运动员，一个是台湾海洋舟协会会长的活动/密友，都是失温死亡。」
—————————

—————————

kurtyang04 · 2018-02-07 16:38

北脸老板事故的错最大，三个其他伙伴都是皮划艇/漂流世界级别的老板， 他们四个人加起来，中国可能100年也出现不了这么强悍背景的四个人组合划海洋舟，安全是击毁任何傲慢人，再牛掰，也是死的可能。还有一个民族英雄的出事多少和安全大漏洞有关，我不想展开，也是最后死于失温，海里死亡99%最后都死于失温。

kurtyang04 · 2018-03-12 14:00

https://www.nspn.org/forum/topic/9825-hypo-kit/

Packable size XXL synthetic insulated jacket (preferably one with a hood) to wear on land (pre-launch, lunch, post-landing)
Fleece gloves to wear on land
Fleece hat to wear on land
Extra size XXL down jacket
Extra winter gloves (like a light-weight ski glove) or mittens
Extra neoprene hood
Extra neoprene gloves
Extra synthetic shirt
Extra synthetic pants
Extra insulating layers
Extra synthetic or wool socks
A storm cag
Reusable hand warmers
Synthetic insulated blanket and/or down blanket
A reusable space-foil bivy sack
My camping bivy sack
A small sil-nylon tarp
The Terra Nova Superlite Bothy 4 shelter
Half of a yoga mat (the one I use to stand on when changing to protect the dry suit feet) as a ground insulation layer
A Crazy Creek camp chair (ground insulation layer when opened flat)
A Pocket-Rocket stove, canister of fuel, and small pot for recharging hand warmers or making tea
Extra food/snacks in my lunch bag

kurtyang04 · 2019-03-17 22:56

进入春天一年失温最恐怖季节

kurtyang04 · 2019-03-17 22:57

昨天读了林权转的大师级的话“而Ben Lawry一直担心一个问题，中国的ACA教练认定区别太大，主观性太强，很多人并没有达到3级甚至2级的水平，往往刚刚学会2级与3级技术，就想着当2级与3级教练。他举了一个例子，一个新手刚学会开车，刚拿到驾照，你放心让他当驾校师傅去教别人开车吗？所有技术这个新手是学过了，也通过考试了，可是新手在各项技术的理解、不同环境中的选择与运用上不可能在短期内达到可以教别人的地步。语言表达、沟通能力、场控技巧、教学心理调节、教学方法运用、实际环境中的救援能力、恶劣天气中的领队能力、导航能力，这些短期内学会都很困难，你还让他马上去教别人。”

kurtyang04 · 2019-03-17 22:59

今天我阴沟里翻船/ 河还有冰，在沼泽地带，我干衣基本不马虎，最后干衣救了自己命

这是我划了14 年的小小河，暖和时经常带新人的第一条河

翻艇后我立马想到苏州退役运动员如何死亡

没有干衣，或者穿得不严实（这是多核心白水爱好者犯的错），结果就是死亡

水上划艇死个人太容易，国内就知道比赛比赛（桨板这次推广干衣是很大进步），安全的细节太多太多，可是人们就关注比赛，中国户外皮划艇状态令人担忧，我预测在大发展的这几年，事故会越来越多。 一半以上将与失温有关，加拿大那起也应该与失温有关30%

kurtyang04 · 2019-03-31 13:46

温州网3月29日讯(记者 温婉) 日前，一条寻人信息刷屏市民朋友圈：“我家人失联于瓯江，有两岸散步的烦请留意！”记者了解到，失联的是市区一位皮划艇爱好者章瑞弟，今年64岁，于3月27日上午在临近瓯江的一内河划皮划艇时落河失联。

记者了解到，章瑞弟，男，64岁，温州市区人，2004年开始皮划艇运动，属于静水竞速皮划艇爱好者，多次参加厦门、富阳、将乐等国内知名皮划艇赛事，并多次获得冠军。 3月27日早上8点55分，章瑞弟划皮划艇在市区勤奋河内河落水，不慎被水流带入瓯江。由于他是皮划艇静水竞速爱好者，锻炼热量消耗大，平时一般没有穿着救生衣的习惯。另外，章瑞弟所划的都是竞技类皮艇，速度较快(皮艇宽度在43cm)，因此划艇者在平衡方面需要技巧，进行落水上艇动作时也需要具备一定技能。

事故发生后，家属、温州市火蓝公益救援中心、民安救援、温州市皮划艇协会都在组织和联系搜救。由于水温较低和瓯江潮水涨潮等影响，目前尚无结果。